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3D-printed sensor decorated with nanomaterials by CO2 laser ablation and electrochemical treatment for non-enzymatic tyrosine detection

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Abstract

The combination of CO2 laser ablation and electrochemical surface treatments is demonstrated to improve the electrochemical performance of carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) 3D-printed electrodes through the growth of flower-like Na2O nanostructures on their surface. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the combination of treatments ablated the electrode’s polymeric layer, exposing a porous surface where Na2O flower-like nanostructures were formed. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated electrodes was measured by the reversibility of the ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple presenting a significantly improved performance compared with electrodes treated by only one of the steps. Electrodes treated by the combined method also showed a better electrochemical response for tyrosine oxidation. These electrodes were used as a non-enzymatic tyrosine sensor for quantification in human urine samples. Two fortified urine samples were analyzed, and the recovery values were 106 and 109%. The LOD and LOQ for tyrosine determination were 0.25 and 0.83 μmol L−1, respectively, demonstrating that the proposed devices are suitable sensors for analyses of biological samples, even at low analyte concentrations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are also grateful to Central Analítica (IQ/USP) for the SEM infrastructure. We also thank Dr. Gabriel N. Meloni for giving scientific inputs and comments.

Funding

This research was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (Grant numbers: 2007/08244-5, 2007/54829-5, 2014/50867-3, 2017/13137-5, 2017/18574-4, 2018/14462-0, 2018/08782-1, and 2020/00325-0), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grant numbers: 140462/2021-0, 465389/2014-7, 311847-2018-8–INCTBio, 302839/2020-8, and 315838/2021-3), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (Finance Code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil

    William B. Veloso, Vanessa N. Ataide, Helton P. Nogueira, Lucio Angnes & Thiago R. L. C. Paixão

  2. Federal Institute of Paraná, Pitanga, PR, 85200-000, Brazil

    Diego P. Rocha

  3. Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil

    Helton P. Nogueira

  4. Institute of Physics “Gleb Wataghin,” Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-859, Brazil

    Abner de Siervo

  5. Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil

    Rodrigo A. A. Muñoz

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Veloso, W.B., Ataide, V.N., Rocha, D.P. et al. 3D-printed sensor decorated with nanomaterials by CO2 laser ablation and electrochemical treatment for non-enzymatic tyrosine detection. Microchim Acta 190, 63 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05648-8

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