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Amperometric lactate nanobiosensor based on reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotube and gold nanoparticle nanocomposite

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Abstract

A sensitive amperometric method is reported for the determination of lactate. A platinum electrode was modified with a composite prepared from reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and gold nanoparticles. The composite was synthesized by the in-situ reduction of gold(III) ions on the GO-CNT hybrid. Triple composite components showed synergistic effects on the enzyme loading, electrocatalytic activity and electron transfer between receptor and electrode surface. The amperometric lactate sensor was obtained by immobilization of lactate oxidase (LOx) on the modified electrode. LOx catalyzes the conversion of lactate into pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide. The generated hydrogen peroxide is simultaneously involved in the oxidation reaction, which is associated with the electron production. These electrons act as amperometric signal generators. At the low potential of 0.2 V, the nanobiosensor shows a relatively wide linear analytical range (i.e., 0.05–100 mM of lactate) with high electrochemical sensitivity (35.3 μA mM−1 cm−2) and limit of detection of 2.3 μM. The sensor is stable, repeatable and reproducible. It is a highly sensitive tool for the detection of lactate in biological samples under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Schematic representation of an electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of lactate in biological and food samples based on reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotube-gold nanocomposite, as a surface modifier, and lactate oxidase, as a bioreceptor.

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Acknowledgments

This article is a part of a Ph.D. thesis, written by Ms. Shabnam Hashemzadeh, approved at the School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran-Iran (Registration No: M 360) in collaboration with the Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN) at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz-Iran. This study was financially supported by and technically conducted at the RCPN (Grant No: 97005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran

    Shabnam Hashemzadeh & Hashem Rafii-Tabar

  2. Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 65811-51656, Iran

    Yadollah Omidi

  3. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666-14766, Iran

    Yadollah Omidi

  4. The Physics Branch of the IRI Academy of Sciences, Tehran, 19395-5531, Iran

    Hashem Rafii-Tabar

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  1. Shabnam Hashemzadeh
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  2. Yadollah Omidi
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  3. Hashem Rafii-Tabar
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Correspondence to Yadollah Omidi or Hashem Rafii-Tabar.

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This study was ethically approved by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID: IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1396.753).

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Hashemzadeh, S., Omidi, Y. & Rafii-Tabar, H. Amperometric lactate nanobiosensor based on reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotube and gold nanoparticle nanocomposite. Microchim Acta 186, 680 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3791-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3791-0

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