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Three-dimensional Pd/Pt bimetallic nanodendrites on a highly porous copper foam fiber for headspace solid-phase microextraction of BTEX prior to their quantification by GC-FID

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Abstract

The preparation of bimetallic Pd/Pt nanofoam for use in fiber based solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is described. First, a highly porous copper foam was prepared on the surface of an unbreakable copper wire by an electrochemical method. Then, the substrate was covered with metallic Pd and Pt using galvanic replacement of the Cu nanofoam substrate by applying a mixture of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) ions. The procedure provided an efficient route to modify Pd/Pt nanofoams with large specific surface and low loading with expensive noble metals. The fiber was applied to headspace SPME of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) (as the model compounds) in various spiked water and wastewater samples. It was followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). A Plackett-Burman design was performed for screening the experimental factors prior to Box-Behnken design. Compared with the commercial PDMS SPME fiber (100 μm), it had higher extraction efficiency for BTEX. Under the optimum conditions, the method has low limits of detection (0.16–0.35 μg L−1), a wide linear range (1–200 μg L−1), relative standard deviations between 5.8 and 10.5%, and good recoveries (>85% from spiked samples).

Schematic presentation of a three-dimensional Pd/Pt bimetallic nanodendrites supported on a highly porous copper foam fiber for use in headspace solid phase microextraction of BTEX. They were then quantified by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support of this work from the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) (grant number 95849652), the University of Kashan and University of Mazandaran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-53153, Kashan, Iran

    Milad Ghani, Saeed Masoum & Sayed Mehdi Ghoreishi

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 57416-13534, Babolsar, Iran

    Milad Ghani

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  1. Milad Ghani
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  2. Saeed Masoum
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Correspondence to Saeed Masoum.

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Ghani, M., Masoum, S. & Ghoreishi, S.M. Three-dimensional Pd/Pt bimetallic nanodendrites on a highly porous copper foam fiber for headspace solid-phase microextraction of BTEX prior to their quantification by GC-FID. Microchim Acta 185, 527 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3055-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3055-4

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