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Cobalt nanoparticles as sacrificial templates for the electrodeposition of palladium nanomaterials in an ionic liquid, and its application to electrochemical sensing of hydrazine

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Abstract

We report on the electrodeposition of palladium nanomaterials in choline chloride–based ionic liquid ethaline. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with cobalt nanoparticles (acting as sacrificial templates) and a GCE modified with palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were fabricated and used to study the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine (N2H4). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the PdNP modified GCE has a uniform morphology. Zero current potentiometry was used for in-situ probing the changes in interfacial potential of the oxidation of hydrazine. An amperometric study showed that the PdNP modified GCE possesses excellent electrocatalytic activity towards N2H4. The modified electrode displays a fast response (<2 s), high sensitivity (74.9 μA m(mol L−1)−1 cm−2) and broad linearity in the range from 0.1 to 800 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.03 μmol L−1 (S/N = 3).

Scheme 1 illustrated the fabrication strategy of the PdNPs/GCE. The first step was the electrodeoposition of CoNPs on the bare GCE. The second step is consist of two processes: (1) A replacement reaction of CoNPs and Pd2+ was happened along with the formation of PdNPs. CoNPs on the electrode were translated into Co2+ and went into the solution. Pd2+ in the solution was translated into PdNPs and adhered to the GCE surface. (2) A certain voltages was applied, the unreacted Pd2+ was further electrochemical deposited on the formed PdNPs nucleus. This is the first attempt to joint chemical replacement action with template assisted electrodeposition.

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Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Scheme 2
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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20875076), the Science Foundation of Northwest University (No. 09NW02), the Education Department of Shaanxi Province, China (No. 2010JK877), the NWU Doctorate Dissertation of Excellence Funds (No. 08YYB06) and the NWU Innovation Fund of Graduate Student (No. 10YZZ26).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Analytical Science/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710069, China

    Yaping He, Jianbin Zheng & Qinglin Sheng

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  1. Yaping He
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  2. Jianbin Zheng
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  3. Qinglin Sheng
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Correspondence to Jianbin Zheng.

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He, Y., Zheng, J. & Sheng, Q. Cobalt nanoparticles as sacrificial templates for the electrodeposition of palladium nanomaterials in an ionic liquid, and its application to electrochemical sensing of hydrazine. Microchim Acta 177, 479–484 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0779-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0779-4

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