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Determination of Pt and Pd in particles emitted from automobile exhaust catalysts using ion-exchange matrix separation and voltammetric detection

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Abstract

We report on the ion-exchange separation of Pt and Pd from the main elements emitted from catalysts of gasoline-fueled cars by exploiting the selective chelating ion exchanger Lewatit MonoPlus TP-214. Pt and Pd were then eluted with a recovery of 92% and 96%, respectively, using an acidified solution of thiourea, and the eluent was analyzed by sequential voltammetry. The detection limits are 0.04 μg L−1 and 1 μg L−1 for Pt and Pd, respectively, and the relative standard deviation is about 4.0% (for n = 10). The procedure was successfully applied to particles emitted from automobile exhaust catalysts of four capacity engine vehicles. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was also employed for reasons of comparison. Emission by four vehicles with 1400, 2600, 3200, and 4800 cc engines, respectively, ranged from 19 to 28 ng km−1 for Pt, and from 102 to 150 ng km−1 for Pd.

An ion-exchange separation of Pt and Pd from particles emitted from automotive catalysts with the Lewatit TP-214 was achieved. Pt and Pd were then eluted nearly quantitatively by an acidified solution of thiourea. Sequential voltammetry was successfully applied with detection limits of 0.04 μg Pt∙L−1 and 1 μg Pd L−1.

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Acknowledgements

This project was financially supported by the Basic Research Committee Programme “PEVE 2008” (NTUA). The authors would also like to thank the Department of Exhaust Gases Control of the Hellenic Ministry of Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks for its cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, Polytechniopolis Zografou, 157 73, Athens, Greece

    Michael Paraskevas, Fotios Tsopelas & Maria Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou

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  1. Michael Paraskevas
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  2. Fotios Tsopelas
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  3. Maria Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou
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Correspondence to Michael Paraskevas.

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Paraskevas, M., Tsopelas, F. & Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou, M. Determination of Pt and Pd in particles emitted from automobile exhaust catalysts using ion-exchange matrix separation and voltammetric detection. Microchim Acta 176, 235–242 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0724-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0724-y

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