Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) and Cr(III) in biological, food and environmental samples after preconcentration by modified nano-alumina

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 04 December 2010

An Erratum to this article was published on 04 December 2010

Abstract

A new solid-phase extraction sorbent was used for the preconcentration of Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. It was prepared by immobilization of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine on nano-alumina coated with sodium dodecyl sulfate. The sorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and used for preconcentration and separation of Pb(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solutions. The ions on the sorbent were eluted with a mixture of nitric acid and methanol. The effects of sample pH, flow rates of samples and eluent, type of eluent, breakthrough volume and potentially interfering ions were studied. Linearity is maintained between 1.2 and 350 μg L-1 of Pb(II), and between 2.4 and 520 μg L-1 of Cr(III) for an 800-mL sample. The detection limit (3 s, N = 10) for Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions is 0.43 and 0.55 μg L-1, respectively, and the maximum preconcentration factor is 267. The method was successfully applied to the evaluation of these trace and toxic metals in various water, food, industrial effluent and urine samples.

Recovery percentage of Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions at different solution volumes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wang S, Zhang R (2006) Column preconcentration of lead in aqueous solution with macroporous epoxy resin-based polymer monolithic matrix. Anal Chim Acta 575:166–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ghaedi M, Niknam K, Shokrollahi A, Niknam E, Rajabi HR, Soylak M (2008) Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of heavy metal ions after solid phase extraction using modified sodium dodecyl sulfate coated on alumina. J Hazard Mater 155:121–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dadfarnia S, Haji Shabani AM, Dehgan Shirie H (2002) Determination of lead in different samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with dithizone immobilized on surfactant-coated alumina. Bull Korean Chem Soc 23:545–548

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aeungmaiterepirom W, Ngeontae W, Tuntulani T (2009) Silica gel chemically modified with Ethyl-2-benzothiazolylacetate for selective extraction of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from real water samples. Anal Sci 25:1477–1482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Zolfigol MA, Solgi M (2006) Separation, preconcentration and determination of silver ion from water samples using silica gel modified with 2, 4, 6-trimorpholino-1, 3, 5-triazin. J Hazard Mater 128:67–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lian N, Chang X, Zheng H, Wang S, Cui Y, Zhai Y (2005) Application of dithizone-modified TiO2 nanoparticles in the preconcentration of trace chromium and lead from sample solution and determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Microchim Acta 151:81–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu R, Liang P (2008) Determination of trace lead in water samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with nanometer titanium dioxide immobilized on silica gel. J Hazard Mater 152:166–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bermejo-Barrera P, Nancy MA, Cristina DL, Adela BB (2003) Use of amberlite XAD-2 loaded with 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as a preconcentration system for river water prior to determination of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Microchim Acta 142:101–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Narin I, Surme Y, Bercin E, Soylak M (2007) SP70-α-benzoin oxime chelating resin for preconcentration–separation of Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II) and Cr(III) in environmental samples. J Hazard Mater 145:113–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Soylak M, Kars A, Narin I (2008) Coprecipitation of Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ for preconcentration in environmental samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. J Hazard Mater 159:435–439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mohammadi SZ, Afzali D, Pourtalebi D (2010) Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of lead, cadmium and nickel in different matrixes after solid phase extraction on modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Cent Eur J Chem 8:662–668

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Soylak M, Elci L, Dogan M (2001) Solid phase extraction of trace metal ions with Amberlite XAD resins prior to atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. J Trace Microprobe Tech 19:329–344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ghaedi M, Tavallali H, Shokrollahi A, Zahedi M, Montazerozohori M, Soylak M (2009) Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of zinc, nickel, iron and lead in different matrixes after solid phase extraction on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-coated alumina as their bis (2-hydroxyacetophenone)-1,3-propanediimine chelates. J Hazard Mater 166:1441–1448

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Burham N, Azeem SA, El-Shahat MF (2009) Solid phase selective separation and green preconcentration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in drinking water by using novel functionalized resin. Cent Eur J Chem 7:945–954

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Divrikli U, Kartal AA, Soylak M, Elci L (2007) Preconcentration of Pb(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions in environmental samples by membrane filtration prior to their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. J Hazard Mater 145:459–464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ngeontae W, Aeungmaitrepirom W, Tuntulani T, Imyim A (2009) Highly selective preconcentration of Cu(II) from seawater and water samples using amidoamidoxime silica. Talanta 78:1004–1010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Komjarova I, Blust R (2006) Comparison of liquid–liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and co-precipitation preconcentration methods for the determination of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in seawater. Anal Chim Acta 576:221–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Afkhami A, Madrakian T, Bozorgzadeh E, Bahram M (2007) Spectrophotometric determination of beryllium in water samples after micelle-mediated extraction preconcentration. Talanta 71:1103–1109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen HW, Jin JC, Wang YF (1997) Flow injection on-line coprecipitation–preconcentration system using copper(II) diethyldithiocarbamate as carrier for flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium, lead and nickel in environmental samples. Anal Chim Acta 353:181–188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Turker AR (2007) New sorbents for solid-phase extraction for metal enrichment. Clean 35:548–557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Suleiman JS, Hu B, Peng HY, Huang CZ (2009) Separation/preconcentration of trace amounts of Cr, Cu and Pb in environmental samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction with Bismuthiol-II-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and their determination by ICP-OES. Talanta 77:1579–1583

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Afkhami A, Madrakian T, Afshar Assl A, Akbari Sehhat A (2001) Solid phase extraction flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of ultra-trace beryllium. Anal Chim Acta 437:17–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Afkhami A, Madrakian T, Siampour H (2006) Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace quantities of cadmium in water samples after cloud point extraction in Triton X-114, without added chelating agents. J Hazard Mater B 138:269–272

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Afkhami A, Madrakian T (2002) Kinetic–spectrophotometric determination of selenium in natural water after preconcentration of elemental selenium on activated carbon. Talanta 58:311–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Quintanilla DP, Sánchez A, Hierro ID, Fajardo M, Sierra I (2009) Solid phase extraction of Pb(II) in water samples using a new hybrid inorganic-organic mesoporous silica prior to its determination by FAAS. Microchim Acta 165:291–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Camel V (2003) Solid phase extraction of trace elements. Spectrochim Acta Part B 58:1177–1233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang LJ, Zhai YH, Chang XJ, He Q, Huang XP, Hu Z (2009) Determination of trace metals in natural samples by ICP-OES after preconcentration on modified silica gel and on modified silica nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 165:319–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Elci L, Kartal AA, Soylak M (2008) Solid phase extraction method for the determination of iron, lead and chromium by atomic absorption spectrometry using Amberite XAD-2000 column in various water samples. J Hazard Mater 153:454–461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Parham H, Pourreza N, Rahbar N (2009) Solid phase extraction of lead and cadmium using solid sulfur as a new metal extractor prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J Hazard Mater 163:588–592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Henglein A (1989) Small-particle research: physicochemical properties of extremely small colloidal metal and semiconductor particles. Chem Rev 89:1861–1873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Liang P, Qin YC, Hu B, Peng TY, Jiang ZC (2001) Nanometer-size titanium dioxide microcolumn on-line preconcentration of trace metals and their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in water. Anal Chim Acta 440:207–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Afkhami A, Moosavi R, Madrakian T (2010) Preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of low concentrations of malachite green and leuco-malachite green in water samples by high performance solid phase extraction using maghemite nanoparticles. Talanta 82:785–789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Afkhami A, Saber-Tehrani M, Bagheri H (2010) Simultaneous removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater samples using nano alumina modified with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. J Hazard Mater 181:836–844

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Afkhami A, Moosavi R (2010) Adsorptive removal of Congo red, a carcinogenic textile dye, from aqueous solutions by maghemite nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater 174:398–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Afkhami A, Norooz-Asl R (2009) Removal, preconcentration and determination of Mo(VI) from water and wastewater samples using maghemite nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A 346:52–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Suleiman JS, Hu B, Pu X, Huang CZ, Jiang ZC (2007) Nanometer-sized zirconium dioxide microcolumn separation/preconcentration of trace metals and their determination by ICP-OES in environmental and biological samples. Microchim Acta 159:379–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Hang C, Hu B, Jiang Z, Zhang N (2007) Simultaneous on-line preconcentration and determination of trace metals in environmental samples using a modified nanometer-sized alumina packed micro-column by flow injection combined with ICP-OES. Talanta 71:1239–1245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Afkhami A, Saber-Tehrani M, Bagheri H (2010) Modified maghemite nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent for removing some cationic dyes from aqueous solution. Desalination. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.06.065

    Google Scholar 

  39. Li J, Shi Y, Cai Y, Moua S, Jiang G (2008) Adsorption of di-ethyl-phthalate from aqueous solutions with surfactant-coated nano/microsized alumina. Chem Eng J 140:214–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hiraide M, Iwasawa J, Hiramatsu S, Kawaguchi H (1995) Use of surfactant aggregates form on alumina for the preparation of chelating sorbents. Anal Sci 11:611–615

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hiraide M, Sorouraddin MH, Kawaguchi H (1994) Immobilization of dithizone on surfactant-coated alumina for preconcentration of metal ions. Anal Sci 10:125–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Haji Shabani AM, Dadfarnia Sh, Dehghani Z (2009) On-line solid phase extraction system using 1, 10-phenanthroline immobilized on surfactant coated alumina for the flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of copper and cadmium. Talanta 79:1066–1070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Absalan G, Mehrdjardi MA (2003) Separation and preconcentration of silver ion using 2-mercaptobenzothiazole immobilized on surfactant-coated alumina. Sep Purif Technol 33:95–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Manzoori JL, Sorouraddin MH, Haji Shabani AM (1998) Determination of mercury by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with dithizone immobilized on surfactant-coated alumina. J Anal At Spectrom 13:305–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Soliman EM, Saleh MB, Ahmed SA (2006) Alumina modified by dimethyl sulfoxide as a new selective solid phase extractor for separation and preconcentration of inorganic mercury(II). Talanta 69:55–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Saitoh T, Matsushima S, Hiraide M (2005) Concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water to sodium dodecyl sulfate-γ-alumina admicelle. J Chromatogr A 1069:271–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lina YL, Wang PY, Hsieh LL, Kua KH, Yeha YT, Wu CH (2009) Determination of linear aliphatic aldehydes in heavy metal containing waters by high-performance liquid chromatography using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization. J Chromatogr A 1216:6377–6381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Uchiyama S, Matsushima E, Tokunaga H, Otsubo Y, Ando M (2006) Determination of orthophthalaldehyde in air using 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-impregnated silica cartridge and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1116:165–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Ramesh A, Devi BA, Hasewaga H, Maki T, Ueda K (2007) Nanometer-sized alumina coated with chromotropic acid as solid phase metal extractant from environmental samples and determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Microchem J 86:124–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ghaedi M, Shokrollahi A, Niknam K, Niknam E, Najibi A, Soylak M (2009) Cloud point extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium(II), lead(II), palladium(II) and silver(I) in environmental samples. J Hazard Mater 168:1022–1027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Yang DJ, Paul B, Xu WJ, Yuan Y, Liu EM, Ke XB, Wellard RM, Guo C, Xu Y, Sun YH, Zhu HY (2010) Alumina nanofibers grafted with functional groups: A new design in efficient sorbents for removal of toxic contaminants from water. Water Res 44:741–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Raize O, Argaman Y, Yannai S (2004) Mechanisms of biosorption of different heavy metals by brown marine macroalgae. Biotechnol Bioeng 87:451–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Cavus S, Gurdag G (2009) Noncompetitive removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by poly[2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-itaconic acid] hydrogel. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:2652–2658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Brunauer S, Emmett PH, Teller E (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J Am Chem Soc 60:309–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Celis R, Hermosin MC, Cornejo J (2000) Heavy metal adsorption by functionalized clays. Environ Sci Technol 34:4593–4599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Mao Y, Fung BM (1998) Formation and characterization of anchored polymer coatings on alumina. Chem Mater 10:509–517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Walton KS, Snurr RQ (2007) Applicability of the BET method for determining surface areas of microporous metal-organic frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 129:8552–8556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Naiya TK, Bhattacharya AK, Das SK (2009) Adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions on activated alumina. J Colloid Interface Sci 333:14–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Yang JK, Lee SM (2006) Removal of Cr(VI) and humic acid by using TiO2 photocatalysis. Chemosphere 63:1677–1684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Barbosa AF, Segatelli MG, Pereira AC, Santos AS, Kubota LT, Luccas PO, Tarley CRT (2007) Solid-phase extraction system for Pb(II) ions enrichment based on multiwall carbon nanotubes coupled on-line to flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 71:1512–1519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Soylak M, Tuzen M (2006) Diaion SP-850 resin as a new solid phase extractor for preconcentration-separation of trace metal ions in environmental samples. J Hazard Mater 137:1496–1501

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Marahel F, Ghaedi M, Shokrollahi A, Montazerzohori M, Davoodi Sh (2009) Sodium dodecyl sulfate coated poly (vinyl) chloride: An alternative support for solid phase extraction of some transition and heavy metals. Chemosphere 74:583–589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Cui Y, Chang X, Zhai Y, Zhu X, Zheng H, Lian N (2006) ICP-AES determination of trace elements after preconcentrated with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde-modified nanometer SiO2 from sample solution. Microchem J 83:35–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Anthemidis AN, Adam ISI, Zachariadis GA (2010) Poly (etheretherketone)-turnings a novel sorbent material for lead determination, by flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry and factorial design optimization. Talanta 81:996–1002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial and technical support provided by the Bu-Ali Sina University Research Council and Center of Excellence in Development of Chemical Methods (CEDCM).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    Abbas Afkhami & Tayyebeh Madrakian

  2. Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, P. O. Box 1415-775, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Saber-Tehrani & Hasan Bagheri

Authors
  1. Abbas Afkhami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Saber-Tehrani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hasan Bagheri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tayyebeh Madrakian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abbas Afkhami.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0493-z

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Afkhami, A., Saber-Tehrani, M., Bagheri, H. et al. Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) and Cr(III) in biological, food and environmental samples after preconcentration by modified nano-alumina. Microchim Acta 172, 125–136 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0478-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0478-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation