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Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Granite from Various Burial Depths

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Abstract

The exploitation of mineral resources is gradually shifting from shallow to deep targets. However, the corresponding basic theoretical research has not determined the differences in rock-mining engineering at different depths. In this paper, longitudinal wave velocity measurements, uniaxial compression tests, and dynamic impact tests were conducted on granite from various burial depths to reveal the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the rocks. The initial damage variables of the rock specimens decrease after a rapid increase with increasing burial depth. The stress–strain curves of the deep rocks for various strain rates can be divided into two modes. The relationships between the secant modulus, peak stress, elastic modulus, and burial depth basically follow a quadratic function. The rock failure patterns observed in the uniaxial compression tests are basically tensile. In the dynamic loading experiments at various strain rates, the failure pattern of the rock changes with burial depth, when the strain rate is small, from local instability to overall instability and back to local instability; while the strain rate increases, the failure pattern transforms into overall instability. In the dynamic impact experiments with different confining pressures, the rock only undergoes shear failure due to the restriction of the lateral deformation from the confining pressure. These research achievements could provide significant theoretical support for rockburst prevention at greater mining depths.

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Abbreviations

T 0 :

Start time of the waveform at the wave speed measuring instrument (CE9201)

T p :

Stop time of the waveform at the wave-speed-measuring instrument (CE9201)

L :

Axial length of the rock sample

V p :

Wave speed of the rock sample

σ s(t):

Stress of the rock sample at time t during loading using the SHPB device

ε(t):

Strain of the rock sample at time t during loading using the SHPB device

\(\dot{\varepsilon }\left( t \right)\) :

Strain rate of the rock specimen at time t during loading using the SHPB device

A o :

Section area of the elastic bar in the SHPB device

A s :

Section area of the rock sample

E o :

Elastic modulus of the elastic rod

C 0 :

Stress wave velocity of the elastic rod

l s :

Length of the elastic rod

ε I :

Input strain

ε R :

Reflection strain

ε T :

Transmission strain

v p :

Wave speed of the undamaged specimen

\(\tilde{v}_{p}\) :

Wave speed of the damaged rock specimen

D :

Damage variable

σ 50,s :

50% of the peak stress in the static load test

ε 50,s :

Stress at the point, where the stress is 50% of the peak stress in the static load test

E 50,s :

Secant modulus of the rock sample in the static load experiment

E :

Elastic modulus of the rock sample in the static load experiment

σ i :

Crack initiation stress

σ p :

Peak stress

ε i :

Crack initiation strain

ε p :

Peak strain

σ r :

Residual Stress

ε r :

Residual Strain

B i1 :

Pre-peak brittleness index of the rock specimen

B i2 :

Post-peak brittleness index of the rock specimen

B :

Rock brittleness index

σ d :

Dynamic peak stress

ε d :

Dynamic peak strain

σ 50,d :

50% of the peak stress in the dynamic load test

ε 50,d :

Stress at the point, where the stress is 50% of the peak stress in the dynamic load test

E 50,d :

Dynamic secant modulus

E d :

Dynamic tangential modulus

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

PDF:

Powder diffraction file

GCTS:

Geotechnical Consulting and Testing Systems

MTS:

Electro-hydraulic servo-controlled rock mechanics test system

SHPB:

Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar

ch1:

Channel #1

ch2:

Channel #2

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0804206), National Natural Science Foundation of China (51774058 and 51704046), Chongqing Basic Research and Frontier Exploration Project (cstc2018jcyjAX0387), and the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, CUMT (SKLCRSM18KF025), which are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the editor and anonymous reviewers very much for their valuable advice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Peng Kang, Liu Zhaopeng, Zou Quanle, Zhang Zhenyu & Zhou Jiaqi

  2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China

    Peng Kang

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  1. Peng Kang
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  2. Liu Zhaopeng
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  3. Zou Quanle
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Correspondence to Peng Kang or Zou Quanle.

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Kang, P., Zhaopeng, L., Quanle, Z. et al. Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Granite from Various Burial Depths. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52, 3545–3566 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01810-y

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