Abstract
Estimation of representative elementary volume (REV) is significant to analyze fractured rock mass in the framework of continuum mechanics. Engineers can therefore simplify the analysis by using an equivalent rock block with an average property, and the influence of fractures can be neglected in finite element modelling. The indicators to determine the REV size based on the joint geometrical parameters include the volumetric fracture intensity (P 32) and the fracture tensor, but this type of calculation generally provides a lower bound evaluation. A novel conceptual framework of damage coefficient is introduced in this paper to consider the mechanical properties of fractures, such as joint aperture and roughness. A parametric study has been performed to establish the correlation between the proposed dimensionless damage coefficient and the traditional derived P 32 value. The effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated by a case study, where a larger mechanical REV size is indeed calculated based on the damage coefficient.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baecher G, Lanney N, Einstein H (1977) Statistical description of rock properties and sampling. In: Proceedings of the 18th US symposium on rock mechanics (USRMS), American Rock Mechanics Association
Bahaaddini M, Sharrock G, Hebblewhite B (2013) Numerical investigation of the effect of joint geometrical parameters on the mechanical properties of a non-persistent jointed rock mass under uniaxial compression. Comput Geotech 49:206–225
Chalhoub M, Pouya A (2008) Numerical homogenization of a fractured rock mass: a geometrical approach to determine the mechanical representative elementary volume. Electron J Geotech Eng 13:1–12
Dershowitz W, Einstein H (1988) Characterizing rock joint geometry with joint system models. Rock Mech Rock Eng 21:21–51
Dershowitz WS, Herda HH (1992) Interpretation of fracture spacing and intensity. In: Proceedings of the 33th US symposium on rock mechanics (USRMS), American Rock Mechanics Association
Elmo D, Stead D (2010) An integrated numerical modelling–discrete fracture network approach applied to the characterisation of rock mass strength of naturally fractured pillars. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43:3–19
Esmaieli K, Hadjigeorgiou J, Grenon M (2010) Estimating geometrical and mechanical REV based on synthetic rock mass models at Brunswick Mine. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47:915–926
Firpo G, Salvini R, Francioni M, Ranjith P (2011) Use of digital terrestrial photogrammetry in rocky slope stability analysis by distinct elements numerical methods. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 48:1045–1054
Hadjigeorgiou J, Esmaieli K, Grenon M (2009) Stability analysis of vertical excavations in hard rock by integrating a fracture system into a PFC model. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 24:296–308
Hudson JA, Harrison JP (2000) Engineering rock mechanics-an introduction to the principles. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Ivars DM, Pierce ME, Darcel C, Reyes-Montes J, Potyondy DO, Young RP, Cundall PA (2011) The synthetic rock mass approach for jointed rock mass modelling. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 48:219–244
Kulatilake PH (1985) Estimating elastic constants and strength of discontinuous rock. J Geotech Eng 111:847–864
Kulatilake P, Panda BB (2000) Effect of block size and joint geometry on jointed rock hydraulics and REV. J Eng Mech 126:850–858
Lama RD, Vutukuri VS (1978) Handbook on mechanical properties of rocks-testing techniques and results, vol 2. Monograph, Series on Rock and Soil Mechanics, vol 3, no 1. Trans Tech Publications, p 495
Lemaitre J (1984) How to use damage mechanics. Nucl Eng Des 80:233–245
Maryška J, Severýn O, Vohralík M (2005) Numerical simulation of fracture flow with a mixed-hybrid FEM stochastic discrete fracture network model. Comput Geosci 8:217–234
Mauldon M (1994) Intersection probabilities of impersistent joints. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 2:107–115
Mauldon M (1998) Estimating mean fracture trace length and density from observations in convex windows. Rock Mech Rock Eng 31:201–216
Oda M (1982) Fabric tensor for discontinuous geological materials. Soils Found 22:96–108
Oda M (1988) A method for evaluating the representative elementary volume based on joint survey of rock masses. Can Geotech J 25:440–447
Pariseau WG, Puri S, Schmelter SC (2008) A new model for effects of impersistent joint sets on rock slope stability. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 45:122–131
Pouya A, Ghoreychi M (2001) Determination of rock mass strength properties by homogenization. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 25:1285–1303
Priest S, Hudson J (1981) Estimation of discontinuity spacing and trace length using scanline surveys. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 3:183–197
Prudencio M, Jan MVS (2007) Strength and failure modes of rock mass models with non-persistent joints. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:890–902
Schultz RA (1996) Relative scale and the strength and deformability of rock masses. J Struct Geol 18:1139–1149
Snow DT (1965) A parallel plate model of fractured permeable media. University of California, Berkeley
Sun W, Zhou W (1990) Elasto-plastic damage constitutive model for fracture rock mass. Chin J Geotech Eng 9:108–119 (Chinese edition)
Tang CA, Zhang YB, Liang ZZ, Xu T, Tham LG, Lindqvist PA, Kou SQ, Liu HY (2006) Fracture spacing in layered materials and pattern transition from parallel to polygonal fractures. Phys Rev E 73:056120
Umili G, Ferrero A, Einstein H (2013) A new method for automatic discontinuity traces sampling on rock mass 3D model. Comput Geosci 51:182–192
Veneziano D (1978) Probabilistic model of joints in rock. Unpublished Manuscript. MIT, Cambridge
Wang S, Ni P (2014) Application of block theory modeling on spatial block topological identification to rock slope stability analysis. Int J Comput Methods 11:1350044. doi:10.1142/S0219876213500448
Wang S, Ni P, Yang H, Xu Y (2011) Modeling on spatial block topological identification and their progressive failure analysis of slope and cavern rock mass. Procedia Eng 10:1509–1514
Wang S, Huang R, Ni P, Ranjith PG, Zhang M (2013a) Fracture behavior of intact rock using acoustic emission: experimental observation and realistic modeling. Geotech Test J 36:1–12. doi:10.1520/GTJ20120086
Wang S, Ni P, Guo M (2013b) Spatial characterization of joint planes and stability analysis of tunnel blocks. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 38:357–367
Wu Q (2012) The mechanical parameters of jointed rock mass: scale-effect research and its engineering application. Ph.D. thesis, China University of Geosciences
Wu Q, Kulatilake P (2012) REV and its properties on fracture system and mechanical properties, and an orthotropic constitutive model for a jointed rock mass in a dam site in China. Comput Geotech 43:124–142
Xia L, Zheng Y, Yu Q (2016) Estimation of the REV size for blockiness of fractured rock masses. Comput Geotech 76:83–92
Xu C, Dowd P (2010) A new computer code for discrete fracture network modelling. Comput Geosci 36:292–301
Xu T, Yang T-H, Chen C-F, Liu H-L, Yu Q-L (2015) Mining induced strata movement and roof behavior in underground coal mine. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resour 1:79–89
Yoon J (2007) Application of experimental design and optimization to PFC model calibration in uniaxial compression simulation. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44:871–889
Zhang Z, Lei Q (2013) Object-oriented modeling for three-dimensional multi-block systems. Comput Geotech 48:208–227
Zhang G, Xu W (2008) Analysis of joint network simulation method and REV scale. Rock Soil Mech 29:1675–1680
Zhang W, Chen J-P, Liu C, Huang R, Li M, Zhang Y (2012) Determination of geometrical and structural representative volume elements at the Baihetan dam site. Rock Mech Rock Eng 45:409–419
Zhang W, Chen J, Chen H, Xu D, Li Y (2013) Determination of RVE with consideration of the spatial effect. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 61:154–160
Zhang Y, Stead D, Elmo D (2015) Characterization of strength and damage of hard rock pillars using a synthetic rock mass method. Comput Geotech 65:56–72
Acknowledgements
This work was conducted with supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51474050 and 51179031), Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC (Grant Nos. 51250110531 and 51350110534), State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Grant Nos. SKLGP2012K009 and SKLGP2014K011), the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. LN2014006) to Dr Shuhong Wang.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ni, P., Wang, S., Wang, C. et al. Estimation of REV Size for Fractured Rock Mass Based on Damage Coefficient. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50, 555–570 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1122-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1122-x