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True esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: background of its definition and current surgical trends

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Abstract

The definition of true esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma and its surgical treatment are debatable. We review the basis for the current definition and the Japanese surgical strategy in managing true EGJ adenocarcinoma. The Siewert classification is a well-known anatomical classification system for EGJ adenocarcinomas: type II tumors in the region 1 cm above and 2 cm below the EGJ are described as “true carcinoma of the cardia”. Coincidentally, this range matches gastric cardiac gland distribution. Conversely, Nishi’s classification is generally used to describe EGJ carcinomas, defined as tumors with the center located within 2 cm above and 2 cm below the EGJ, regardless of their histological subtype. This range coincides with the extent of the lower esophageal sphincter combined with gastric cardiac gland distribution. The current Japanese surgical strategy focuses on the tumor range from the EGJ to the esophagus and stomach. According to previous studies, the strategy can be roughly classified into three types. The optimal surgical procedure for true EGJ adenocarcinoma is controversial. However, an ongoing Japanese nationwide prospective trial will help confirm the appropriate standard surgery, including the optimal extent of lymph node dissection.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant number 16H05399).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan

    Tsutomu Kumamoto, Yasunori Kurahashi, Hirotaka Niwa, Yasutaka Nakanishi, Koichi Okumura, Rie Ozawa, Yoshinori Ishida & Hisashi Shinohara

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  1. Tsutomu Kumamoto
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Correspondence to Hisashi Shinohara.

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Kumamoto, T., Kurahashi, Y., Niwa, H. et al. True esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: background of its definition and current surgical trends. Surg Today 50, 809–814 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-019-01843-4

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