References
Ansari MJ, Salama AD, Chitnis T et al (2003) The programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway regulates autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. J Exp Med 198(1):63–69. doi:10.1084/jem.20022125
Gaudy C, Clevy C, Monestier S et al (2015) Anti-PD1 pembrolizumab can induce exceptional fulminant type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 38(11):e182–e183. doi:10.2337/dc15-1331
Hughes J, Vudattu N, Sznol M et al (2015) Precipitation of autoimmune diabetes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Diabetes Care 38(4):e55–e57. doi:10.2337/dc14-2349
Imagawa A, Hanafusa T, Awata T et al (2012) Report of the committee of the Japan diabetes society on the research of fulminant and acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: new diagnostic criteria of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (2012). J Diabetes Investig 3(6):536–539. doi:10.1111/jdi.12024
Tsutsumi C, Imagawa A, Ikegami H et al (2012) Class II HLA genotype in fulminant type 1 diabetes: a nationwide survey with reference to glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies. J Diabetes Investig 3(1):62–69. doi:10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00139.x
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee (IRB No. 1508-041-694) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study formal consent is not required.
Human and animal rights
This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
Managed by Massimo Porta.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kong, S.H., Lee, S.Y., Yang, Y.S. et al. Anti-programmed cell death 1 therapy triggering diabetic ketoacidosis and fulminant type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 53, 853–856 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-016-0872-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-016-0872-y