Systemic exposure to a common periodontal pathogen and missing teeth are associated with metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Periodontitis is a common chronic infection of tooth-supporting tissues leading to tooth loss. Two of the major periodontal pathogens are Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Clinically diagnosed periodontitis has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the study was to investigate the association of serum antibody levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis and the number of missing teeth with MetS. The population was the PAIS subcohort of the FINRISK ‘97 study (n = 1,354). The subjects were men aged 45–74 years, and they participated in this cardiovascular risk factor survey in Finland. A total of 534 (39 %) subjects had MetS defined according to the guidelines of the International Diabetes Federation. Serum antibody levels against the pathogens were measured by multiserotype ELISA. A. actinomycetemcomitans antibody levels and the number of missing teeth were significantly higher in subjects with a large waist circumference or with low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The number of missing teeth was also higher among subjects with a high serum triglyceride concentration or high plasma glucose concentration. Seropositivity for A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly associated with MetS with an odds ratio (OR) 1.42 (95 % confidence interval 1.09–1.85, p = 0.009). More than four missing teeth and complete edentulousness were also significantly associated with MetS with ORs 1.69 (1.26–2.27, p < 0.001) and 1.93 (1.30–2.86, p = 0.001), respectively. Missing teeth and systemic exposure to A. actinomycetemcomitans were associated with several components of Mets. Infection with this common pathogen or the host response against it is associated with the presence of MetS.