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Dietary implications of toasted Jatropha curcas seed: Insight on zootechnical and hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus

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Abstract

Jatropha curcas seeds (JCS) have high crude protein and excellent amino acid profile. However, JCS contain antinutrients which affect the health of animals fed with it negatively. Therefore, this study evaluated toasting at varying durations (0, 10, 20, and 30 min) as a means of detoxifying the JCS, and evaluated the health implication and nutritional characteristics of Clarias gariepinus fed diets included with the seeds (35% CP; 315 kcal/g). The nutritional profile of the JCS was substantially improved by decreasing antinutrients with prolonged duration of processing by toasting (i.e., between 10 and 30 min). However, protein seems to be substantially reduced beyond the 20th minute of treatment. The fish fed the toasted seed also performed better than the control in terms of growth and survival. The second-order polynomial regression analysis estimates that 24 min was optimum for toasting the JCS to attain maximum dietary utilization by the fish. Aside from the carcass protein deposition that was significantly higher, hematological parameters such as hematocrit (23%), hemoglobin (7.7 g/dL), and red blood cell (1.2 × 106 cells/mm3) were higher in treatments with prolonged toasting (i.e., 20 min above) compared with others and raw JCS. In the same vein, it was estimated that it will cost less to culture 1 kg of the catfish using the toasted JCS compared to the raw JCS. It was concluded that the processing of JCS by toasting should not exceed 24 min to improve the health and dietary utilization by catfish.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to the administration of the two universities (i.e., University of Jos and University of Agriculture Makurdi) that permitted the researchers to conduct their experiments in the faculties. The critical assessment of the anonymous reviewers who improved this submission before its final publication is also acknowledged. The results presented in this publication are part of the first author’s Ph.D. thesis and it is dedicated to late Professor V.O. Ayuba. She was part of the supervisory team of the candidate before her passing. It is our prayer that she rest in perfect peace.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forestry and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Makurdi, PMD 2373, Nigeria

    Okomoda Victor Tosin & Solomon Shola Gabriel

  2. Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Okomoda Victor Tosin & Abol-Munafi Ambok Bolong

  3. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, PMD 2084, Nigeria

    Musa Sarah Ojonogecha

  4. Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, PMB 1515, Nigeria

    Tiamiyu Lateef Oloyede

  5. Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria

    Alamanjo Cosmas Chidiebere

  6. Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Abol-Munafi Ambok Bolong

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  1. Okomoda Victor Tosin
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  2. Musa Sarah Ojonogecha
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Contributions

MSO, TLO, SSG, and OVT conceptualized and designed the study; MSO and ABT experimented and collected needed data. OVT wrote the draft of the manuscript with help from ACC and AAB in preparing the text, figure, and tables. All authors reviewed the manuscript and approved it for submission.

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Correspondence to Okomoda Victor Tosin or Abol-Munafi Ambok Bolong.

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The experimental protocol used in this study was approved by the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi committee on research. All methods are following international, national, and institutional standards.

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Tosin, O.V., Ojonogecha, M.S., Oloyede, T.L. et al. Dietary implications of toasted Jatropha curcas seed: Insight on zootechnical and hematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus. Comp Clin Pathol 31, 81–90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-021-03308-y

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