Abstract
Linguatula serrata, known as tongue worm, is an anomalous ubiquitous parasite. This parasite inhabits the canine respiratory system as its final host. The discharged eggs cause to contamination of many plants that are consumed by feeder animals including human causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis that is known as “Marrara syndrome.” This research was conducted for the first time to investigate the distribution and pathological findings of L. serrata adult in nasal cavity of road-killed dogs in Uremia, Iran. For doing so, 52 dogs were inspected. During the necropsy; L. serrata adult was seen in 1 (1.92%) out of 52 dogs. The histopathological findings depicted lymphocytes and some eosinophils infiltration in lamina propria.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akyol C, Coskun S, Omez G, Senlik B (1995) Linguatula serrata in Bursa stray dogs and its importance from the point of public health. Turki J Parazitol 19:261–271
Aldemir O (2004) The distribution of Linguatula serrata in stray dogs in the Erzurum Province. Turki J Parazitol 28:42–44
Aldemir OS, Aydenizoz M, Atesoglu O (2014) Parasitological and pathological investigations on Linguatula serrata nymphs in mesenteric lymph nodes in sheep in Konya region in Turkey. Turk J Agric Food Sci Technol 2, 5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i5.224-227.164
Al-Sadi HI, Ridha AM (1994) Comparative pathology of the spleen and lymph nodes of apparently normal cattle, sheep and goats at the time of normal slaughter. Small Rumin Res 14(2):167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(94)90107-4
Baird JK, Kassebaum LJ, Ludwig GK (1988) Hepatic granuloma in a man from North America caused by a nymph of Linguatula serrata. Pathology 20(2):198–199. https://doi.org/10.3109/00313028809066635
Bordicchia M, Falcioni D, Scarpona S, Rossi G, (2014) Nasal carcinoma in a dog with Linguatula serrata infection. Vet Rec 2. https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2013-000015, 1
Gardiner CH, Dyke JW, Shirley SF (1984) Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33(1):187–189. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.187
Hendrix CM, 1998 Diagnostic veterinary parasitology. Mosby St. Louis, Mo, USA
Ioniță M, Mitrea IL (2016) Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae) infection in dog, Romania: a case report. AgroLife Sci J 5:85–89
Khalil GM, Schacher JF (1965) Linguatula serrata in relation to halzoun and the marrara syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 14(5):736–746. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1965.14.736
Meshgi B, Asgarian O (2003) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in stray dogs of Shahrekord, Iran. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 50(9):466–467. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0931-1793.2003.00705.x
Miclaus V, Mihalca AD, Negrea O, Oana L (2008) Histological evidence for inoculative action of immature Linguatula serrata in lymph nodes of intermediate host. Parasitol Res 102(6):1385–1387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-008-0951-2
Mitchell S, Bell S, Wright I, Wall R, Jeckel S, Blake D, Marshall P, Andrews C, Lee M, Walsh A (2016) Tongue worm (Linguatula species) in stray dogs imported into the UK. Vet Res 179(10):259–260. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.i4829
Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy IM, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29(3):787–790
Oluwasina OS, ThankGod OE, Augustine OO, Gimba FI (2014) Linguatula serrata (Porocephalida: Linguatulidae) infection among client-owned dogs in Jalingo, north eastern Nigeria: prevalence and public health implications. J Parasitol Res 2014:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/916120
Oryan A, Sadjjadi SM, Mehrabani D, Rezaei M (2008) The status of Linguatula serrata infection of stray dogs in Shiraz, Iran. Comp Clin Pathol 17(1):55–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-007-0707-x
Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P, Scattone A, Sollitto F (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. Parassitologia 43(3):105–108
Papadakis AM, Hourmouziadis AN (1958) Human infestation with Linguatula serrata; report of a case. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 52(5):454–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(58)90132-9
Rezaei F, Tavassoli M, Mahmoudian A (2011) Prevalence of linguatula serrata infection among dogs and domestic ruminants in north west of Iran. Vet Med 56:561–567
Sisson S, Grossman J (1975) The anatomy of the domestic animals. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia
Sulyok M, Rozsa L, Bodo I, Tappe D, Hardi R (2014) Ocular pentastomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7):e3041. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041
Taba Taba SV, Abbasi A, I M, Sh M, F F 2012 Report of a case with small bowel obstruction by a rare parasite (Pentastomiasis). In Govaresh, pp 55–59
Taşan E (1987) Distribution of Linguatula serrata (Frohlich, 1789) in dogs from rural districts of Elazığ. Doğa Vet Hay Derg 11:86–89
Tavassoli M, Tajic H, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Hariri F (2007) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs and gross changes of infected mesenteric lymph nodes in sheep in Urmia, Iran. Small Rum Res 72(1):73–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.08.013
Villedieu E, Sanchez R, Jepson R, Ter Haar G (2017) Nasal infestation by Linguatula serrata in a dog in the UK: a case report. J Small Anim Pract 58(3):183–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12611
Yakhchali M, Tehrani A (2011) Pathological changes in mesenteric lymph nodes infected with L. serrata nymphs in Iranian sheep. Rev Med Vet 162:396–399
Yakhchali M, Tehrani AA (2013) Histopathological changes caused by the nymph stage of Linguatula serrata in the mesenteric lymph nodes of goats. Acta Vet Hung 61(1):36–41. https://doi.org/10.1556/AVet.2012.056
Yazdani R, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Mohammadi MA (2014) Human Linguatulosis caused by Linguatula serrata in the City of Kerman, South-eastern Iran—case report. Iran J Parasitol 9:282
Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, Cicek M, Dulger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. Turk Parazitol Derg 35(1):47–49. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2011.12
Young E (1975) Pentastomiasis (Armillifer and Linguatula Sp.) infestations of wild animals in the Kruger National Park. J S Afr Vet Assoc 46(4):335–336
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge all staff members of Urmia University Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory.
Funding
This project was funded by Urmia University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. We permitted from the Environment Agency and Bureau veterinary of Tabriz and Urmia (Number Letter 2312). This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hajipour, N., Tavassoli, M., Abbasi Eslamlo, A. et al. Investigation of histopathological changes caused by adult stage of Linguatula serrata in dog. Comp Clin Pathol 27, 717–720 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2656-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2656-y