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Effect of fairy ring bacteria on the growth of Tricholoma matsutake in vitro culture

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Abstract

Tricholoma matsutake (pine mushroom) (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) is a valuable edible fungal species that cannot be cultivated artificially. As an ectomycorrhizal fungus, T. matsutake interacts with trees belonging to the Pinaceae and Fagaceae, and forms fairy rings around host trees that are arc-shaped areas with dense hyphae of T. matsutake in the soil. Because the fairy rings maintain their dense hyphae for several years and form fruiting bodies, the characteristics of the fairy ring may be important in understanding the ecology of T. matsutake. Recent studies have shown that diverse bacteria co-exist in the fairy ring, and suggest that the fairy ring bacteria may influence on the growth of T. matsutake. However, the effect of the fairy ring bacteria on the growth of T. matsutake is largely unknown. In this study, we isolated fairy ring bacteria and investigated their effect on the growth of T. matsutake in co-culture experiments. In addition, the relationship between bacterial effects and nutrient conditions was tested using different media with varying glucose concentrations. A total of 237 bacteria (28 species) were isolated from fairy rings of four different T. matsutake producing areas: Proteobacteria (17 species), Firmicutes (7 species), and Actinobacteria (4 species). Burkholderiaceae (Burkholderia and Paraburkholderia) was most abundant in the fairy ring bacteria communities. Most bacteria showed a negative effect on the growth of T. matsutake when it grew on glucose rich medium (20 g/L). In glucose deficient medium (2 g/L), however, some bacteria promoted the growth of T. matsutake. In addition, the mode of interaction between bacteria and T. matsutake is different, depending on the glucose concentration.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Kang-Hyeon Ka and researcher Hee-Su Kim (Korea Forest Research Institute, South Korea) and Dr. Woo-Jae Chun (Gyeongbuk Forest Environment Research Institute, South Korea) for the assistance with sample collections, and Dr. Myung Soo Park (Seoul National University, South Korea) for the advice on experimental procedures. We would like to appreciate Dr. Rona Sturrock (Canadian Forest Service, Canada) for thoroughly reviewing the manuscript and the English editing. Isolate of T. matsutake was provided by Korea Mushroom Resource Bank (Seoul, South Korea).

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  1. School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea

    Seung-Yoon Oh & Young Woon Lim

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  1. Seung-Yoon Oh
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Figure S1

The fairy ring of T. matsutake at sampling site. Grayish-white area in a red circle is the fairy ring of T. matsutake. Photograph was taken from a top-view after removing litter layers. (GIF 374 kb)

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Figure S2

Representative results of co-culture experiments in (a) a high glucose medium (hTMM) and (b) a low glucose medium (lTMM). Left: control plate without bacteria, center: Caballeronia sp., right: Paenibacillus taichungensis. (GIF 172 kb)

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Oh, SY., Lim, Y.W. Effect of fairy ring bacteria on the growth of Tricholoma matsutake in vitro culture. Mycorrhiza 28, 411–419 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-018-0828-x

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