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Progressive magmatism and evolution of the Variscan suture in southern Iberia

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Abstract

Magmatic activity is an integral component of orogenic processes, from arc magmatism during convergence to post-collisional crustal melting. Southern Iberia exposes a Late Paleozoic suture zone within Pangea and where a crustal fragment of Laurussia (South Portuguese Zone) is juxtaposed with parautochthonous Gondwana (Ossa Morena Zone). Fault-bounded oceanic metasedimentary rocks, mélanges and ophiolite complexes characterize the suture zone and are intruded by plutonic rocks and mafic dykes. The generation and emplacement of these intrusive rocks and their relationship to development of the suture zone and the orogen are undetermined. Field evidence combined with U/Pb (zircon) geochronology reveals three main phases of plutonism, a pre-collisional unfoliated gabbroic phase emplaced at ca 354 Ma, crosscut by a syn-tectonic ca 345 Ma foliated granodiorite phase followed by a ca 335 Ma granitic phase. Geochemical analyses (major, trace, rare earth elements) indicate that the gabbro exhibits a calc-alkaline arc signature whereas the granodiorite and granite are typical of post-collisional slab break-off. Taken together, these data demonstrate a protracted development of the orogen and support a complex late stage evolution broadly similar to the tectonics of the modern eastern Mediterranean. In this scenario, the highly oblique closure of a small tract of oceanic lithosphere postdates the main collision event resulting in escape of parautochthonous and allochthonous terranes toward the re-entrant.

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Fig. 1
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(adapted from de la Rosa et al. 1993). Red dashed line outlines general extent of the Gil Marquez Pluton. OMZ Ossa Morena Zone, SPZ South Portuguese Zone, SISZ South Iberian Shear Zone (Crespo-Blanc and Orozco 1991); OMZ, Ossa Morena Zone

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ulf Linneman and Rubén Díez-Fernández for their constructive and insightful reviews. This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grants to JAB and JBM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada

    James A. Braid, J. Brendan Murphy, Evan R. Gladney & Nicolle Dupuis

  2. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, C/Ríos Rosas 23, 28003, Madrid, Spain

    Cecilio Quesada

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  1. James A. Braid
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  2. J. Brendan Murphy
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  3. Cecilio Quesada
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Correspondence to James A. Braid.

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Braid, J.A., Murphy, J.B., Quesada, C. et al. Progressive magmatism and evolution of the Variscan suture in southern Iberia. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 107, 971–983 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1540-3

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