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The south-western Black Forest and the Upper Rhine Graben Main Border Fault: thermal history and hydrothermal fluid flow

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Abstract

The thermal history of the south-westernmost Black Forest (Germany) and the adjacent Upper Rhine Graben were constrained by a combination of apatite and zircon fission-track (FT) and microstructural analyses. After intrusion of Palaeozoic granitic plutons in the Black Forest, the thermal regime of the studied area re-equilibrated during the Late Permian and the Mesozoic, interrupted by enhanced hydrothermal activity during the Jurassic. At the eastern flank of the Upper Rhine Graben along the Main Border Fault the analysed samples show microstructural characteristics related to repeated tectonic and hydrothermal activities. The integration of microstructural observations of the cataclastic fault gouge with the FT data identifies the existence of repeated tectonic-related fluid flow events characterised by different thermal conditions. The older took place during the Variscan and/or Mesozoic time at temperatures lower than 280°C, whereas the younger was probably contemporary with the Cenozoic rifting of the Upper Rhine Graben at temperatures not higher than 150°C.

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Acknowledgments

This work is a contribution of the EUCOR-URGENT Project (Upper Rhine Graben, Evolution and NeoTectonics). It has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project Nos. 21-57038.99 and 20-64567.01 to A. Wetzel). We gratefully thank James R. Mackenzie† for all his help; we will never forget him! A. Kounov, M. Tischler, F. Gaidies, T. Heijboer, E. Wosnitza and S. Kock are thanked for fruitful discussion, W. Tschudin for thin sections. R. Waite, L. Cartier and C. Seiler for sample preparation. K. Ramseyer (Univ. Bern) for the introduction into cathodoluminescence and the usage of his microscope. Central Microscope Centre of the University Basel for the use of their facilities. The authors would like to thank S. Hinsken for introduction into the local geology and K. Ustaszewski for providing structural data of the Kandern Fault Zone. Careful reviews with very useful suggestions of B. Ventura and U. Glasmacher improved an earlier version of this manuscript.

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  1. N. Keulen

    Present address: GEUS, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark

  2. H. Stünitz

    Present address: Institutt for Geologi, Universitetet i Tromsø, Dramsveien 210, 9037, Tromsø, Norway

  3. Z. Timar-Geng

    Present address: Geoenergie Bayern GmbH, Schwandorfer-Str. 12, 93059, Regensburg, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056, Basel, Switzerland

    H. Dresmann, N. Keulen, A. Wetzel & H. Stünitz

  2. Geologisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 23b, 79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Z. Timar-Geng

  3. Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    B. Fügenschuh

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Appendix

Appendix

FT analytical details

Apatite and zircon grains were separated from each sample (4–6 kg rock material) using standard crushing, magnetic and heavy liquid techniques. The zircon samples were mounted in Teflon PFA®, while the apatite samples were embedded in epoxy resin. After polishing, the apatites were etched for 40 s in 6.5% HNO3 at ~18°C and the zircons for 6–12 h in a eutectic-melt of KOH–NaOH (220°C). Mica was used as an external detector and CN-5 (apatite) and CN-1 (zircon) standards as dosimeter glasses. Irradiation with thermal neutrons was carried out at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation facility (ANSTO).

Mica detectors were etched in 40% HF for 40 min at ~18°C. Tracks were counted at a magnification of 1,600× (dry) on a Zeiss Axioplan2 optical microscope with a computer-controlled motorised scanning stage, run by the program “FT-STAGE 3.11” (Dumitru 1993).

The FT-age determination followed the zeta calibration method (Hurford and Green 1983) with a zeta value of 380.67 ± 10.58 (Durango, CN-5) for apatite and 145 ± 6.88 (Fish Canyon Tuff, CN-1) for zircon. The FT ages and errors were calculated using the software Trackkey (version 4.1) (Dunkl 2002).

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Dresmann, H., Keulen, N., Timar-Geng, Z. et al. The south-western Black Forest and the Upper Rhine Graben Main Border Fault: thermal history and hydrothermal fluid flow. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 99, 285–297 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-008-0391-3

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