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High heat flow anomalies on an old oceanic plate observed seaward of the Japan Trench

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Abstract

Thirty-three new measurements on the seaward slope and outer rise of the Japan Trench along a parallel of 38°45′N revealed the existence of high heat flow anomalies on the subducting Pacific plate, where the seafloor age is about 135 m.y.. The most prominent anomaly with the highest value of 114 mW/m2 is associated with a small mound on the outer rise, which was reported to be a kind of mud volcano. On the seaward slope of the trench, heat flow is variable: high (70–90 mW/m2) at some locations and normal for the seafloor age (about 50 mW/m2) at others. The spatial variation of heat flow may be related to development of normal faults and horst/graben structures due to bending of the Pacific plate before subduction, with fluid flow along the fault zones enhancing the vertical heat transfer. Possible heat sources of the high heat flow anomalies are intra-plate volcanism in the last several million years like that discovered recently on the Pacific plate east of the Japan Trench.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the crews and scientific parties of KH-96-3, KT-97-17, KH-05-3 cruises, especially M. Toizumi, T. Hayashi, T. Koyama, K. Fujino, K. Kawamura, and Y. Matsuua, for their assistance in conducting heat flow measurements. H. Hamamoto helped us in preparation for measurements on the KH-05-3 cruise. This study was partly supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Creative Basic Research (09NP1101) “Ocean Hemisphere Network” by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan. We thank E. E. Davis and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the original manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Makoto Yamano

  2. Institute for Research on Earth Evolution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan

    Masataka Kinoshita

  3. Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan

    Shusaku Goto

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  1. Makoto Yamano
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  2. Masataka Kinoshita
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  3. Shusaku Goto
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Correspondence to Makoto Yamano.

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Yamano, M., Kinoshita, M. & Goto, S. High heat flow anomalies on an old oceanic plate observed seaward of the Japan Trench. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 97, 345–352 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-007-0280-1

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