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Barium anomaly preceding K/T boundary: possible causes and implications on end Cretaceous events of K/T sections in Cauvery basin (India), Israel, NE-Mexico and Guatemala

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Abstract

Maastrichtian–Danian strata of the Cauvery basin as well as selected sections of NE-Mexico, Guatemala and Israel record Ba anomalies, away from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary (KTB) in addition to common occurrences of geochemical and stable isotopic anomalies across the KTB. Ba anomalies were recorded in monotonous shallow marine sandstones of the Cauvery basin (south India) which contain minor amounts of Ba-orthoclase. Barium anomalies were observed also in shallow marine carbonates in sections of Israel, NE-Mexico and Guatemala. Calculation of excess Ba with reference to PAAS (Post-Archaen Average Australian Shale), comparison of coeval geochemical anomalies, depositional pattern and associated petrographic and mineralogical features of the Cauvery basin revealed that while a first Ba peak was related to detrital influx, the second Ba peak was coincident with sea level fall which in turn may have been influenced by emission of volatile hydrocarbons and resultant climatic changes. In view of intrinsic involvement of Ba in various geochemical processes and occurrence of Ba anomalies in K/T sites distributed around the world (NE-Mexico, Guatemala and Israel), it is suggested that probable causes of such widespread Ba-anomalies should be taken into consideration while analyzing end Cretaceous events. These observations support the views espoused by many workers who have stated that the K/T boundary was also accompanied by many non-catastrophic events that might have contributed to environmental stress on marine fauna, as a result of which selective multi-stage extinctions occurred.

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Acknowledgements

MR acknowledges the financial assistance of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India. Special thanks are due to the Institute scientific personnel namely, Dr. Utz Kramar, for major and trace elemental analyses, Dr. E. Karotke and Mrs. B. Oetzel for XRD analyses, Ms. G. Preuss for stable isotopic analyses, Mr. Zrinjscak for carbon and sulphur analyses, Mr. K. Nikoloski for preparation of thin sections for petrographic study and Dr. Ott for computing facilities. Dr. V. Subramanian, Reader, Department of Geology, National College, Tiruchirapalli, India and Dr. Z. Berner, Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, are thanked for logistic support. Shri. T. Sreekumar, Department of Geology, National College is thanked for assistance during the field survey.

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  1. M. Ramkumar

    Present address: Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, India

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  1. Institut für Mineralogie Geochemie, Universität Karlsruhe, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany

    M. Ramkumar, M. Harting & D. Stüben

  2. Department of Geological Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

    M. Harting

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Ramkumar, M., Harting, M. & Stüben, D. Barium anomaly preceding K/T boundary: possible causes and implications on end Cretaceous events of K/T sections in Cauvery basin (India), Israel, NE-Mexico and Guatemala. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 94, 475–489 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0508-x

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