Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Geodynamic significance of granitoid magmatism in the southeast Anatolian orogen: geochemical and geochronogical evidence from Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş, Turkey) region

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In southeast Anatolia, there are number of tectonomagmatic units in the Kahramanmaraş–Malatya–Elazığ region that are important in understanding the geological evolution of the southeast Anatolian orogenic belt during the Late Cretaceous. These are (a) metamorphic massifs, (b) ophiolites, (c) ophiolite-related metamorphics and (d) granitoids. The granitoids (i.e. Göksun–Afşin in Kahramanmaraş, Doğanşehir in Malatya and Baskil in Elazığ) intrude all the former units in a NE–SW trending direction. The granitoid in Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş) region is mainly composed of granodioritic and granitic in composition. The granodiorite contains a number of amphibole-bearing mafic microgranular enclaves of different sizes, whereas the granite is intruded by numerous aplitic dikes. The granitoid rocks have typical calcalkaline geochemical features. The REE- and Ocean ridge granite-normalized multi-element patterns and tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams, as well as biotite geochemistry suggest that the granitoids were formed in a volcanic arc setting. The K–Ar geochronology of the granitoid rocks yielded ages ranging from 85.76±3.17 to 77.49±1.91 Ma. The field, geochemical and geochronological data suggest the following Late Cretaceous tectonomagmatic scenario for southeast Anatolia. The ophiolites were formed in a suprasubduction zone tectonic setting whereas the ophiolite-related metamorphic rocks formed either during the initiation of intraoceanic subduction or late-thrusting (∼90 Ma). These units were then overthrust by the Malatya–Keban platform during the progressive elimination of the southern Neotethys. Thrusting of the Malatya–Keban platform over the ophiolites and related metamorphic rocks was followed by the intrusion of the granitoids (88–85 Ma) along the Tauride active continental margin in the southern Neotethys.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel-Rahman AFM (1994) Nature of biotites from alkaline, calc-alkaline and peraluminous magmas. J Petrol 35:525–541

    Google Scholar 

  • Aktaş G, Robertson AHF (1984) The Maden complex, SE Turkey: evolution of a Neotethyan continental margin. In: Dixon JE, Robertson AHF (eds) The geological evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society of London Special Publication, vol 17, pp 375–402

  • Aktaş G, Robertson AHF (1990) Tectonic evolution of the Tethys suture zone in S.E. Turkey: evolution evidence from the petrology and geochemistry of Late Cretaceous and Middle Eocene extrusives. In: Malpas J, Moores E, Panayiotou A, Xenophontos C (eds) Ophiolites-oceanic crustal analogues. Proceedings of Troodos ophiolite symposium, Geological Survey, Cyprus 1987, pp 311–329

  • Arslan M, Kolaylı H, Temizel İ (2004) Güre (Giresun, KD Türkiye) granitoyidinin petrografik, jeokimyasal ve petrolojik özellikleri. Yerbilimleri 30:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyarslan M, Bingöl AF (2000) Petrology of a supra-subduction zone ophiolite (Elazığ, Turkey). Can J Earth Sci 37:1411–1424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boztuğ D, Jonkheere R, Wagner GA, Yeğingil Z (2004) Slow Senonian and fast Paleocene-Early Eocene uplift of the granitoids in the central eastern Pontides, Turkey: apatite fission-track results. Tectonophysics 382:213–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown GC, Thorpe RS, Webb PC (1984) The geochemical characteristics of granitoids in contrasting arcs and comments on magma sources. J Geol Soc Lond 141:413–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şengör AMC, Yılmaz Y (1981) Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 75:181–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox A, Dalrymple GB (1967) Statistical analysis of geomagnetic reversals data and the precision of potassium–argon dating. J Geophys Res 72:2603–2614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford MB, Searle MP (1992) Field relationships and geochemistry of precollisional (India–Asia) granitoid magmatism in the central Karakoram, northern Pakistan. Tectonophysics 206:171–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Debon F, Le Fort P, Dautel D, Sonet J, Zimmermann JL (1987) Granites of western Karakoram and northern Kohistan (Pakistan): a composite Mid-Cretaceous to Upper Cenozoic magmatism. Lithos 20:19–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dilek Y, Thy P, Hacker B, Grundvig S (1999) Structure and petrology of Tauride ophiolites and mafic dyke intrusions (Turkey): implications for the Neotethyan ocean. Bull Geol Soc Am 111:1192–1216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faure G (1986) Principles of isotope geology. Wiley, New York, pp 1–589

  • Fuhrman ML, Lindsley DH (1988) Ternary feldspar modelling and thermometry. Am Mineral 73:201–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Genç ŞC, Yiğitbaş E, Yılmaz Y (1993) Berit metaofiyolitinin jeolojisi. In: Proceedings of Suat Erk Geol symposium, Ankara University, Geology Department, Turkey, pp 37–52

  • Hall R (1976) Ophiolite emplacement and the evolution of the Taurus suture zone, south-east Turkey. Bull Geol Soc Am 87:1078–1088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammarstrom JM, Zen EA (1986) Aluminum in hornblende: an empirical igneous geobarometer. Am Mineral 71:1297–1313

    Google Scholar 

  • Harker A (1909) The natural history of igneous rocks. Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris NBW, Pearce JA, Tindle AG (1986) Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism. In: Coward MP, Ries AC (eds) Collision tectonics. Geological Society of London Special Publication, vol 19, pp 67–81

  • Hollister LS, Grissom GC, Peters EK, Stowell HH, Sisson VB (1987) Confirmation of the empirical correlation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons. Am Mineral 72:231–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Irvine TN, Baragar WRA (1971) A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can J Earth Sci 8:523–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson MC, Rutherford MJ (1989) Experimental calibration of the aluminum in hornblende geobarometer with application to Long Valley caldera (California) volcanic rocks. Geology 17:837–841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karig DE, Kozlu H (1990) Late Paleogene–Neogene evolution of the triple junction near Maraş, south-central Turkey. J Geol Soc 147:1023–1034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karslı O, Aydın F, Sadıklar MB (2004) Magma interaction recorded in plagioclase zoning in granitoid systems, Zigana granitoid, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Turk J Earth Sci 13:287–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelling G, Gökçen SL, Floyd PA, Gökçen N (1987) Neogene tectonics and plate convergence in the eastern Mediterranean: new data from southern Turkey. Geology 15:425–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ketin İ (1983) Türkiye Jeolojisine genel bir bakış. İTÜ Kütüphanesi, vol 1259, 595 pp

  • Le Maitre RW (1989) A classification of igneous rocks and glossary terms. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 1–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Leake EB, Wooley AR, Arps CES, Birch WD, Gilbert MC, Grice JD, Hawthorne FC, Kato A, Kisch HJ, Krivovichev VG, Linthout K, Laird J, Mandarino J, Maresch WV, Nickhel EH, Rock NMS, Schumacher JC, Smith DC, Stephenson NCN, Ungaretti L, Whittaker EJW, Youzhi G (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles. Eur J Min 9:623–651

    Google Scholar 

  • Maniar PD, Piccolli PM (1989) Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Bull Geol Soc Am 101:636–643

    Google Scholar 

  • Michard A, Whitechurch H, Ricou LE, Montigny R, Yazgan E (1984) Tauric subduction (Malatya-Elazığ provinces) and its bearing on tectonics of the Tethyan realm in Turkey. In: Dixon JE, Robertson AHF (eds) The geological evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society of London Special Publication, vol 17, pp 361–374

  • MTA (2002) 1/500.000 scale geological maps of Turkey. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey

  • Mukasa SB, Ludden JN (1987) Uranium–lead ages of plagiogranites from the Troodos ophiolite. Cyprus, and their tectonic significance. Geology 1:825–828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parlak O, Rızaoğlu T (2004) Geodynamic significance of granitoid intrusions in the southeast Anatolian orogeny (Turkey). In: Proceedings of the 5th international eastern Mediterranean geological symposium, Thessaloniki Greece, 14–20 April 2004, Abstr 157

  • Parlak O, Önal A, Höck V, Kürüm S, Delaloye M, Bağcı U, Rızaoğlu T (2002) Inverted metamorphic zonation beneath the Yüksekova ophiolite in SE Anatolia. In: Proceedings of the 1st international symposium of the Faculty of Mines (ITU) on Earth sciences and engineering, 16–18 May, Istanbul, Turkey, p 133

  • Parlak O, Höck V, Kozlu H, Delaloye M (2004) Oceanic crust generation in an island arc tectonic setting, SE Anatolian orogenic belt (Turkey). Geol Mag 141:583–603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce JA, Harris NBW, Tindle AG (1984) Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J Petrol 25:956–983

    Google Scholar 

  • Perinçek D, Kozlu H (1984) Stratigraphy and structural relations of the units in the Afşin–Elbistan–Doğanşehir region (Eastern Taurus). In: Proceedings of the international symposium, Geology of Taurus Belt, MTA, Ankara-Turkey, pp 181–198

  • Petterson MG, Windley BF (1985) Rb–Sr dating of the Kohistan arc-Batholith in the trans Himalayan of N. Pakistan and tectonic implications. Earth Planet Sci Lett 74:45–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett EA, Robertson AHF (1996) Formation of the Late Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic Karakaya complex and related ophiolites in NW Turkey by palaeotethyan subduction-accretion. J Geol Soc Lond 153:995–1009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rızaoğlu T, Parlak O, İşler F (2004) Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Kömürhan ophiolite in southeast Anatolia. In: Proceedings of the 5th international eastern Mediterranean geology symposium, Thessaloniki, Greece, 14–20 April 2004, Abstract 285

  • Robertson AHF (1998) Mesozoic-Tertiary tectonic evolution of the easternmost Mediterranean area; integration of marine and land evidence. In: Robertson AHF, Emeis KC, Richter KC, Camerlenghi A (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, science results, vol 160, pp 723–782

  • Robertson AHF (2000) Mesozoic-Tertiary tectonic-sedimentary evolution of a south Tethyan oceanic basin and its margins in southern Turkey. In: Bozkurt E, Winchester JA, Piper JDA (eds) Tectonics and magmatism in Turkey and the surrounding area. Geological Society of London Special Publication, vol 173, pp 97–138

  • Robertson AHF (2002) Overview of the genesis and emplacement of Mesozoic ophiolites in the Eastern Mediterranean Tethyan region. Lithos 65:1–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson AHF, Dixon JE (1984) Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Dixon JE, Robertson AHF (eds) The geological evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society of London Special Publication, vol 17, pp 1–74

  • Robertson AHF, Ünlügenç UC, İnan N, Taslı K (2004) The Misis–Andırın complex: a Mid-Tertiary melange related to late-stage subduction of the Southern Neotethys in S Turkey. J Asian Earth Sci 22:413–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson AHF, Ustaömer T, Parlak O, Ünlügenç UC, Taslı K, İnan N (2006a) Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary tectonic evolution of south-Neotethys in SE Turkey: evidence from the Tauride thrust belt in SE Turkey (Binboğa-Engizek segment). J Asian Earth Sci (in press)

  • Robertson AHF, Parlak O, Rızaoğlu T, Ünlügenç UC, İnan N, Taslı K, Ustaömer T (2006b) Late Cretaceous-Mid Tertiary tectonic evolution of the eastern Taurus Maountains and the Southern Tethyan ocean evidence from the Elazığ region, SE Turkey. Geological Society of London Special Publication (in press)

  • Rolland Y, Picard C, Pecher A, Lapierre H, Bosch D, Keller F (2002) The Cretaceous Ladakh arc of NW himalayan-slab melting and melt-mantle interaction during fast northward drift of Indian plate. Chem Geol 182:139–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rollinson H (1993) Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation. Longman Group, UK, pp 1–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt MW (1992) Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure: an experimental calibration of the Al in hornblende barometer. Contrib Mineral Petrol 110:304–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spear JA (1981) An experimental study of hornblende stability and compositional variability in amphibolite. Am J Sci 281:697–734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Speer JA (1984) Micas in igneous rocks. Rev Mineral 13:299–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiger RH, Jager E (1977) Subcommission on geochronology: convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology. Earth Planet Sci Lett 36:359–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders AD, Norry MJ (eds) Magmatism in the ocean basins. Geological Society of London Special Publication, vol 42, pp 313–347

  • Tarhan N (1986) Doğu Toroslarda Neotetisin kapanımına ilişkin granitoyid magmalarının evrimi ve kökeni. MTA Dergisi 107:95–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson M (1989) Igneous petrogenesis: a global tectonic approach. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 1–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Yazgan E, Chessex R (1991) Geology and tectonic evolution of the southeastern Taurides in the region of Malatya. Turk Assoc Petrol Geol 3:1–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz Y (1990) Allochthonous terranes in the Tethyan middle east: Anatolia and surrounding regions. R Soc Lond Philos Trans A 331:611–624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz Y (1993) New evidence and model on the evolution of the southeast Anatolian Orogen. Bull Geol Soc Am 105:251–271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz Y, Gürpınar O, Kozlu H, Gül MA, Yiğitbaş E, Yıldırım M, Genç ŞC, Keskin M (1987) Kahramanmaraş Kuzeyinin Jeolojisi (Andırın-Berit-Engizek-Nurhak-Binboğa Dağları), Türkiye Petrolleri A.O. Rapor No: 2028, Ankara, p 218

  • Yılmaz Y, Yiğitbaş E, Genç ŞC (1993) Ophiolitic and metamorphic assemblages of southeast Anatolia and their significance in the geological evolution of the orogenic belt. Tectonics 12:1280–1297

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was partly supported by TÜBİTAK (Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Project Number: YDABÇAG-199Y011) and Division of the Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects (MMF2001.13). Michel Delaloye is thanked for allowing me to use XRF and K–Ar facilities in the Mineralogy Department at Geneva University (Switzerland). Volker Höck is thanked for free access to microprobe facilities in the Geology Department at Salzburg University (Austria). Utku Bağcı and Tamer Rızaoğlu are thanked for their field assistancy. Osman Parlak also acknowledges the financial support from the Turkish Academy of Sciences, in the frame of the Young Scientist Award Program (TÜBA-GEBİP). Nurdane İlbeyli and Yann Rolland are thanked for reviewing the first version of the manuscript. Thanks are due to Prof. Alastair Robertson who reviewed the revised version of the present manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Çukurova Üniversitesi, 01330, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey

    Osman Parlak

Authors
  1. Osman Parlak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Osman Parlak.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Parlak, O. Geodynamic significance of granitoid magmatism in the southeast Anatolian orogen: geochemical and geochronogical evidence from Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş, Turkey) region. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 95, 609–627 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0058-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0058-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation