Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Evolution of the Bükk Mountains (NE Hungary) during the Middle–Late Triassic asymmetric rifting of the Vardar-Meliata branch of the Neotethys Ocean

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Based on sedimentological and biostratigraphic investigations of the Middle–Late Triassic successions of the Bükk Mountains, the evolution of an upper plate margin of a rifting area was reconstructed. The Middle Anisian shallow water carbonates are succeeded by terrestrial sediments. Simultaneously with the uplift, volcanic activity starts, indicating the beginning of the rifting. The emersion was followed by rapid subsidence in the Late Anisian–Early Ladinian which corresponds to the synrift stage. Based on facies distribution of Ladinian–Carnian sediments, the half-graben structure of the basement can be outlined. Coeval existence of platforms and basins is characteristic of this period. From the end of the Fassanian, the subsidence slows down: postrift stage. At this time the thermal cooling controls the subsidence of the area. During the Late Triassic, the edges of the platforms were gradually drowned and basins conquered bigger and bigger areas. Sediments deposited on the southern shelf of the opening Vardar-Meliata branch of the Neotethys Ocean show features characteristic to the upper plate part of a rifting area, whereas sediments of the northern shelf show features characteristic to the lower plate. The opening of the Vardar-Meliata branch of the Neotethys Ocean follows the asymmetric rifting model of Wernicke (Can J Earth Sci 22:108–125, 1985) and Dixon et al. (Tectonics 8(6):1193–1216, 1989).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen PA, Allen JR (2005) Basin analysis, principles and applications, 2nd edn. Blakwells, Oxford, pp 1–549

    Google Scholar 

  • Balogh K (1964) Die geologischen Bildungen des Bükk-Gebirges. Ann Inst Geol Publ Hungarici 48:555–705

    Google Scholar 

  • Balogh K (1980) A magyarországi triász korrelációja. (Correlation of the Hungarian Triassic)–Ált. Föld. Szemle, 15, pp 5–72

  • Bosellini A (1991) Geology of the Dolomites. In: An introduction Dolomieu conference on carbonate platforms and dolomitisation Ortisei/St. Ulrich, Val Gardena/Grödental, pp 1–43

  • Bosellini A (1998) Geologie der Dolomiten. Athesia Bozen, pp 1–192

  • Brandner R (1984) Meeresspiegelschwankungen und Tektonik in der Trias der NW-Tethys. Jb Geol B-A 126(4):435–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Čar J, Skaberne D (2003) Stopniški Konglomerati. Geologija 46(1):49–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Crevello PD, Schlager W (1980) Carbonate debris sheets and turbidites, Exuma sound, Bahamas. J Sed Petr 50(4):1121–1148

    Google Scholar 

  • Csontos L (1988) Étude géologique d’une portion des Carpathes internes: la massif du Bükk (Nord-Est de la Hongrie) (Stratigraphie, structures, métamorphisme et géodynamique). Thése, Univ. de Lille, pp 1–327

  • De Wever P, Baudin F (1996) Palaeogeography of radiolarite and organic-rich deposits in Mesozoic Tethys. Geol Rundsch 85:310–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Zanche V, Franzin A, Gianolla P, Mietto P, Siorpaes C (1992) The Piz da Peres section (Valdaora-Olang, Pusteria Valley, Italy). A reappraisal of the Anisian stratigraphy in the Dolomites. Eclog geol Helv 85(1):127–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Dercourt J, Gaetani M, Vrielynck B, Barrier E, Biju-Duval B, Brunet MF, Cadet JP, Crasquin S, Sandolescu M (eds) (2000) Atlas Peri-Tethys, Palaeogeographical maps. CCGM/CGMW, 24 maps and explanatory notes: I-XX; 1–269

  • Dixon TH, Ivins ER, Franklin BJ (1989) Topographic and volcanic asymmetry around the Red Sea: constraints on rift models. Tectonics 8(6):1193–1216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dobosi G (1986) Clynopyroxene composition of some igneous rocks of Hungary: the possibility of identification of their magma type and tectonic setting. Ofioliti 11(1):19–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Doglioni C (1984) Triassic diapiric structures in the central Dolomites (Northern Italy). Eclogae Geol Helv 77:261–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Dosztály L, Józsa S (1992) Geochronological evaluation of Mesozoic formations of Darnó Hill at Recsk on the basis of radiolarians and K–Ar age data. Acta Geol Hung 35/4:371–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Faryad SW, Schulmann K, Lexa O (2004) Structure and metamorphism of the Meliata Unit. 2nd Central European Tectonics Group 9th Meeting of the Czech Tectonic Studies Group. Geolines 17:113–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E, Velledits F, Senowbari-Daryan B, Riedel P (1992) Rifforganismen aus “Wettersteinkalken” (karn?) des Bükk-Gebirges, Ungarn. Geol Paläont Mitt 18:35–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Fois E, Jadoul F (1983) La dorsale paleocarnica anisica de Pontebba. Riv It Paleont Strat 89:3–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianolla P, De Zanche V, Mietto P (1998) Triassic sequence stratigraphy in the Southern Alps (Northern Italy): definition of sequences and basin evolution. In: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Spec Pub 60:719–747

    Google Scholar 

  • Gradstein FM, Agterberg FP, Ogg JG, Hardenbol J, Van Veen P, Thierry J, Hunag Z (1995) A Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous time scale. In: Berggren WA, Kent DV, Aubry MP, Hardenbol J (eds) Geochronology time scales and global stratigraphic correlation. SEPM. Spec. Publ., 54, pp 95–126

  • Haas J (ed) (2001) Geology of Hungary: Triassic. Eötvös University press, Budapest, pp 1–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Harangi Sz, Szabó Cs, Józsa S, Szoldán Zs (1996) Mesozoic igneous suites in Hungary: implications for genesis and tectonic setting in the Northwestern part of Tethys. Int Geol Rev 38:336–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jadoul F, Nicora A (1986) Stratigrafia e paleografia ladinico-carnica delle alpi carniche orientali (versante nord della Val Canale, Friuli). Riv It Paleont Strat 92:201–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovács S (1984) North Hungarian Triassic facies types: a review. Acta Geol Hung 27(3–4):251–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovács S (1992) Tethys “western ends” during the Late Paleozoic and Triassic and their possible genetic relationships. Acta Geol Hung 35(4):329–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeder MR, Gawthorpe RL (1987) Sedimentary models for extensional tilt-block/half-graben basins. In: Coward MP, Dewey JF, Hancock PL (ed) Continental extensional tectonics. Geol Soc Spec Publ 18:139–152

  • Lein R (1987) Evolution of the Northern Calcareous Alps during Triassic times. In: Flügel HW, Faupl P (ed) Geodynamics of the Eastern Alps. Wien, pp 85–102

  • Lister GS, Etheridge MA, Symonds (1986) Detachment faulting and the evolution of passive continental margins. Geology 14:246–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandl GW (2000) The Alpine sector of the Tethyan shelf- examples of Triassic to Jurassic sedimentation and deformation from the Northern Calcareous Alps. Mitt Österr Geol Ges 92:61–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer F (2000) Growth mode of Middle Triassic carbonate platforms in the Western Dolomites (Southern Alps, Italy). Sediment Geol 134:275–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie DP (1978) Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins. Earth Planet Sci Lett 40:25–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mello J, Elečko M, Pristaš J, Reichwalder P, Snopko L, Vass D, Vozárová A, Gaál L, Hanzel V, Hók J, Kováč P, Slavkay M, Steiner A (1997) Vysvetlivky ku geologickej mape Slovenského Krasu 1:50 000. (Explanatory notes: Slovak Karst) V. of 255.Vydavatel’stvo Dionýza Štúra, Bratislava

  • Moores EM, Twiss RJ (1995) Divergent margins and rifting. In: Moores EM, Twiss RJ (eds) Tectonics. Freeman and Company, New York, pp 86–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigott JD, Sattayarak N (1991) Aspects of sedimentary basin evolution assessed through tectonic subsidence analysis. Example: Northern Gulf of Thailand. OGCI teaching aid: Basin Analysis Workshop. An integrated Approach. Manuscript

  • Placer L, Čar J (1977) Srednjetriadna zgradba idrijskega ozemlja (The middle Triassic structure of the Idrija region). Geologija 20:141–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Protić L, Filipović I, Pelikán P, Jovanović D, Kovács S, Sudar M, Hips K, Less Gy, Cvijić R (2000) Correlation of the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic sequences of the Jadar block, Sana–una and “Bükkium” terranes. In: Karamata S, Jankovič S (eds) Proceedings of the international symposium: geology and metallogeny of the Dinarides and the Vardar zone. Acad Sci Arts Repub Srpska, Collect. Monogr, Dept. Nat. Math. Tech. Sci I:61–69

  • Réti Zs (1985) Triassic ophiolite fragments in an evaporitic melange. Northern Hungary Ofioliti 10:411–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Réti Zs (1988) Triász időszaki óceáni kéregmaradványok az Aggtelek-Rudabányai-hegységben (Triassic oceanic crust remnants in the Aggtelek-Rudabánya Mts.). MÁFI évi jel 1986:45–51

  • Schlager W, Schnöllnberger W (1975) Das Prinzip der stratigraphischen Wenden in der Schichtfolge der Nördlichen Kalkalpen. Mitt Geol Ges Wien 66–67:165–193

  • Schréter Z (1935) A Bükkhegység triász képzödményei (Triassic formations of the Bükk Mountains). Földt közl 65:90–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Schréter Z (1943) A Bükk hegység geológiája (Geology of the Bükk Mountains). Beszámoló a m kir Földt Int Vitaüléseinek Munk 5/7:378–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz H, Rad UV, Stackelberg UV (1996) Laminated sediments from the oxygen-minimum zone of the northeastern Arabian Sea. In: Kemp AES (eds) Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoceanography from laminated sediments. Geol Soc Spec Publ 116:185–207

  • Stampfli G, Marcoux J, Baud A (1991) Tethyan margins in space and time. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Paleoecol 87:373–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli G, Borel G, Cavazza W, Mosar J, Ziegler PA (2001) The paleotectonic atlas of the PeriTethyan domain. (CD-ROM) European Geophysical Society (http://www.copernicus.org/EGS/egs_info/book.htm)

  • Szoldán Zs (1990) Middle Triassic magmatic sequences from different tectonic settings in the Bükk Mts (NE Hungary). Acta Miner Petr Szeged 31:25–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Tollmann A (1987) Neue Wege in der Ostalpengeologie und die Beziehungen zum Ostmediterran. Mitt österr geol Ges 80:47–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Velledits F (1998) A bükki középső és felső triász rétegtani korrelációja és fejlődéstörténeti elemzése. [Stratigraphic correlation and evolutionary analysis of the Middle and Upper Triassic in the Bükk Mts], PhD Thesis, pp 1–122 Eötvös-Loránd Univ. Budapest (unpublished)

  • Velledits F (1999) Anisusi szárazföldi üledékek az észak-bükki rétegsorokban (Az alsó-sebes-vízi alapszelvény anisusi-ladin rétegei, és a Miskolc-10. fúrás =Zsófiatorony) Anisian terrestrial deposits in the sequences of the Northern Bükk Mts. (Anisian-Ladinian layers of the Alsó-Sebes-víz key-section and Miskolc-10 borehole = Zsófiatorony). Földtani Közlöny 129:327–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Velledits F (2000) A Berva-völgytől a Hór-völgyig terjedő terület fejlődéstörténete a középső-felső-triászban (Evolution of the area from the Berva Valley to the Hór Valley in the Middle-Upper Triassic). Földtani Közlöny 130:47–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Velledits F (2004) Anisian terrestrial sediments in the Bükk Mountains (NE Hungary) and their role in the Triassic rifting of the Vardar-Meliata branch of the Neotethys ocean. Riv Ital di Pal e Strat 110:659–679

    Google Scholar 

  • Velledits F, Péró Cs (1987) The Southern Bükk (N Hungary) Triassic revisited: the Bervavölgy Limestone. Ann Univ Sci Budapest Sec Geol 27:17–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Wernicke B (1981) Low-angle normal faults in the Basin and Range Province: nappe tectonics in an extending orogen. Nature 291:645–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wernicke B (1985) Uniform-sense normal simple shear of the continental lithosphere. Can J Earth Sci 22:108–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler AP, Stampfli M (2001) Late Palaeozoic-EarlyMesozoic plate boundary reorganization: collapse of the Variscan orogen and opening of Neotethys. “NATURA BRESCIANA” Ann. Mus. Civ. Sc. Nat. Brescia. MONOGRAFIA N. 25 pp17–34

Download references

Acknowledgements

The present study contains data from the author’s PhD thesis written in Budapest under the supervision of János Haas. János Haas, Sándor Kovács and Csaba Péró (Academical Geological Research Group, Budapest) are thanked for their constructive, useful advice. The author is indebted to Anikó Bérczi-Makk (foraminifers), Olga Piros (dasycladaceans), Miklós Monostory (ostracods), Sándor Kovács (conodonts), the late Lajos Dosztály (radiolarians) for determining the fossils. Orsolya Sztanó is acknowledged for her help in interpreting the terrestrial facies. Thanks to Szabolcs Harangi and Gizella Bagoly-Árgyelán for interpreting the volcanic rocks. This work was supported by the National Scientific Research Fund (OTKA, project number: T037747). The author is grateful to Prof. Wolfgang Frisch for the thorough review of the manuscript, and for his critical comments which improved the first draft of the manuscript. Károly Szoldán is thanked for drawing the figures.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Eötvös Loránd University of Sciences, 1117, Pázmány sétány 1/C, Budapest, Hungary

    Felicitász Velledits

Authors
  1. Felicitász Velledits
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Felicitász Velledits.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Velledits, F. Evolution of the Bükk Mountains (NE Hungary) during the Middle–Late Triassic asymmetric rifting of the Vardar-Meliata branch of the Neotethys Ocean. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 95, 395–412 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0041-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0041-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation