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Multimodal fusion for multimedia analysis: a survey

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Abstract

This survey aims at providing multimedia researchers with a state-of-the-art overview of fusion strategies, which are used for combining multiple modalities in order to accomplish various multimedia analysis tasks. The existing literature on multimodal fusion research is presented through several classifications based on the fusion methodology and the level of fusion (feature, decision, and hybrid). The fusion methods are described from the perspective of the basic concept, advantages, weaknesses, and their usage in various analysis tasks as reported in the literature. Moreover, several distinctive issues that influence a multimodal fusion process such as, the use of correlation and independence, confidence level, contextual information, synchronization between different modalities, and the optimal modality selection are also highlighted. Finally, we present the open issues for further research in the area of multimodal fusion.

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Notes

  1. To maintain consistency, we will use these notations for modalities in rest of this paper.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments in improving the content of this paper. This work is partially supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Computer Science, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada

    Pradeep K. Atrey

  2. Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    M. Anwar Hossain & Abdulmotaleb El Saddik

  3. School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Mohan S. Kankanhalli

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  1. Pradeep K. Atrey
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  2. M. Anwar Hossain
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  3. Abdulmotaleb El Saddik
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  4. Mohan S. Kankanhalli
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Correspondence to Pradeep K. Atrey.

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Communicated by Wu-chi Feng.

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Atrey, P.K., Hossain, M.A., El Saddik, A. et al. Multimodal fusion for multimedia analysis: a survey. Multimedia Systems 16, 345–379 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-010-0182-0

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