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Estimation of photovoltaic module model’s parameters using an improved electromagnetic-like algorithm

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Abstract

This paper offers an electromagnetism-like (IEM) algorithm to estimate the five parameters of a single-diode PV module’s model. IEM uses local search and improves movement step to increase the convergence to optimal solutions. The key of improvement is performed by adding a nonlinear equation to adjust the length of the particle in each iteration. Moreover, the total force formula is simplified to speed up the exploration for an optimal solution. Analyses are carried out by experimental data points at various operational conditions to show the stability and reliability of the proposed methods. The results of the proposed IEM algorithm show a better convergence speed and high accuracy compared with other models in the literature, which involves various statistical errors. The values of average root mean square error, mean bias error, standard deviation, average absolute error, and average test statistic of the proposed method are 589%, 0.51%, 0.19%, 46%, and 0.53, respectively. As a conclusion, the IEM algorithm presents better performance than other methods in the literature in terms of accuracy and convergence.

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Abbreviations

\(d\) :

Ideality factor of diode

m :

Number of initial particles

\(\delta\) :

Local search operator

\(S1 - S7\) :

Operational condition (solar radiation and cell temperature)

\(I\) :

Current conducted by the PV module (A)

\(I_{\text{o}}\) :

Saturation current of the diode (A)

\(I_{\text{e}}\) :

Experimental current conducted by the PV module (A)

\(I_{\text{P}}\) :

Proposed current of the PV module (A)

\(I_{\text{Ph}}\) :

Photocurrent (A)

\(q\) :

Charge particle

\(V_{\text{e}}\) :

Experimental voltage conducted by the PV module (V)

\(F\) :

Total force vector

n :

Total dimension of the particle

N :

Length of dataset

\(\lambda\) :

Randomly distributed between 0 and 1

\(V_{\text{T}}\) :

Diode thermal voltage (V)

\(V\) :

Voltage conducted by PV module (V)

\(X\) :

Population set

\(X^{i}\) :

Vector whose components limited between \(L_{k}\) or \(U_{k}\) bound

\(L_{k}\) :

Lower bound

\(U_{k}\) :

Upper bound

\(R_{\text{p}}\) :

Shunt resistance \(\left(\Omega \right)\)

\(R_{\text{s}}\) :

Series resistance \(\left(\Omega \right)\)

\(R^{2}\) :

Determination coefficient

\(f\left( {X^{\text{best}} } \right)\) :

Objective value of each particle

\(\epsilon\) :

Switching control parameters (\(\epsilon \in \left[ {0,1} \right])\)

\(F^{i}\) :

Total force calculation

MAXITER:

Maximum number of local iterations

LISTER:

Maximum number of local search iterations

EM:

Electromagnetism-like algorithm

STC:

Slandered test condition

SD:

Standard deviation of RMSE

TC:

Cell-temperature

KB:

Constant of Boltzmann (1.380603e−23 J/K)

AE:

Absolute error

RMSE:

Root mean square error

MBE:

Mean bias error

NIST:

National institute of standards and technology

NR:

Newton Raphson

PDE:

Penalty based differential evolution

IADE:

Improved adaptive DE

SSA:

Salp swarm optimization

CPU:

Central processing unit

EP:

Epsilon parameters

PSO:

Particle swarm optimization

DE:

Differential evolution

ABC:

Artificial bee colony

IEM:

Improved electromagnetism-like algorithm

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Hussein Mohammed Ridha & Hashim Hizam

  2. Advanced Lighting and Power Energy Research (ALPER), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia

    Hussein Mohammed Ridha & Hashim Hizam

  3. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa

    Chandima Gomes

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  1. Hussein Mohammed Ridha
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Correspondence to Hussein Mohammed Ridha.

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Appendix

Appendix

Pseudo code of the IEM algorithm.

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Ridha, H.M., Gomes, C. & Hizam, H. Estimation of photovoltaic module model’s parameters using an improved electromagnetic-like algorithm. Neural Comput & Applic 32, 12627–12642 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-04714-z

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