Skip to main content
Log in

Modeling and analysis of departure routine in air traffic control based on Petri nets

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Neural Computing and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Departure routine is essential part in the air traffic control and must be formally designed to avoid potential hazards and to verify proper functioning of the underlying processes. This paper addresses the Petri net approach to formally model the departure routine of the aircraft which ensures the organized flow of air traffic during departure. First, the high-level design of the system is presented by identifying key objects involved in departure routine, and then, its detailed model is presented. Moreover, the verification of the underlying methodology has been made using coverability tree. The proposed model is verified to be safe (bounded), potentially reversible and deadlock free which ensures reliability of the system and guarantees the efficient and controlled communication between the aircraft and local and ground controllers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Issues in Air Traffic Control. http://www.academon.com/term-paper/issues-in-airtraffic-control-149962/. January 2012; Retrieved Sept 2012

  2. U.S. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Order JO 7110.65u. http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/7110.65UBasic.pdf. Retrieved Feb 2013

  3. U.S. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Order JO 7110.65u, air traffic control chapter 2, section 1: general control. http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/ATC/atc0201.html. Retrieved Feb 2013

  4. Oberheid H, Söffker D (2008) Cooperative arrival management in air traffic control—a coloured Petri net model of sequence planning. In: Proceedings of the 29th international conference on applications and theory of Petri nets. Petri nets 2008, pp 348–367

  5. Hanh TTB, Hung DV (2007) Verification of an air traffic control system with probabilistic real time model-checking. UNU-IIST report

  6. U. S. Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration. Aeronautical Information Manual. Air traffic procedures chapter 5, section 2: departure procedures. http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim/aim0502.html#aim0502.html.1. Retrieved Feb 2013

  7. Hollnagel E (2009) The ETTO principle: efficiency-thoroughness trade-off—why things that go right sometimes go wrong. Ashgate, Farnham

    Google Scholar 

  8. Stroeve SH, Everdij MHC, Blom HAP (2011) Studying hazards for resilience modeling in ATM. Mathematical Approach towards Resilience Engineering in ATM (MAREA) 2011; First SESAR Innovation Days: Ecole Nationale de l’Aviation Civile (ENAC). Toulouse, France

  9. Smieszek H (2012) Modeling behavior and performance of air traffic controllers using coloured petri nets. Technische Universität Berlin, Centre of Human-Machine Systems, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  10. Benediktsson O, Hunter RB, McGettrick AD (2001) Processes for software in safety critical systems. Software IEEE 6(1):47–62

    Google Scholar 

  11. Communication and Air Traffic Communication and Air Traffic Safety. http://www.academon.com/analytical-essay/communication-and-air-traffic-safety-146602/. January 2011; Retrieved Jan 2013

  12. Hossein N (2008) Modeling activities diagram to colored Petri net for validation and verification based on non functional parameters. Master thesis, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, University Technology Malaysia

  13. Luciano Baresi B, Mauro P (2001) Improving UML with Petri nets. Electron Notes Theor Comput Sci 44(4):107–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ahmad F, Huang HJ, Wang XL (2011) Analysis of the Petri net model of parallel manufacturing processes with shared resources. Inf Sci 181:5249–5266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ahmad F, Khan SA (2012) Module-based architecture for periodic job-shop scheduling problem. Comput Math Appl 64(1):1–10

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Khan SA, Zafar NA, Ahmad F (2011) Petri net modeling of railway crossing system using fuzzy brakes. Int J Phys Sci 6(14):3389–3397

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jing M, Lu W (2002) Extension of UML and its conversion to Petri nets for semiconductor manufacturing modeling. IEEE 3:3175–3180

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lopez-Grao JP, Jose M, Javier C From UML activity diagrams to stochastic Petri nets: application to software performance engineering. In: Proceedings of the seventeenth international symposium on computer and information sciences. CRC Press, pp 25–36

  19. Ahmad F, Khan SA (2013) Specification and verification of safety properties along a crossing region in a railway network control. Appl Math Model 37(7):5162–5170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ali G, Khan SA, Ahmad F, Zafar NA (2012) Visualized and abstract formal modeling towards the multi-agent systems. Int J Basic Appl Sci 2(8):8272–8284

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ali G, Khan SA, Ahmad F, Zafar NA (2012) Formal modeling towards a dynamic organization of multi-agent systems using communicating X-machine and Z-notation. Indian J Sci Technol 5(7):2972–2977

  22. Khan SA, Zafar NA (2011) Extending promotion for the management of moving block interlocking components. Int J Phys Sci 6(31):7262–7270

    Google Scholar 

  23. Khan SA, Zafar NA (2007) Promotion of local to global operation in train control system. J Digit Inf Manag 5(4):228–233

  24. Herencia-Zapana H, Hagen G, Neogi N (2012) A framework for probabilistic evaluation of interval management tolerence in the terminal radar control area. In: IEEE 2012 digital avionics systems conference (DASC), Oct 2012, pp 9E1-1–9E1-8

  25. Yousaf S, Zafar NA, Khan SA (2010) Formal analysis of departure procedure of air traffic control system. In: IEEE 2010 on software technology and engineering (ICSTE), Oct 2010, vol 2, pp 301–305

  26. Horl J, Aichernig BK (2008) Requirements validation of a voice communication system used in air traffic control. An industrial application of light weight formal methods. In. IEEE 208 symposium on reliable distributed systems, Oct 2008, pp 95–104

  27. Jamal M, Zafar NA (2007) Requirements analysis of air traffic control system using formal methods. J Indep Stud Res 5(2):1–7

  28. Butler RW, Maddalon J, Geser A, Muñoz CA (2003) Simulation and verification: formal analysis of air traffic management systems: the case of conflict resolution and recovery. In: Winter simulation conference, Dec 2003, pp 906–914

  29. Leadbeter D, Lindsay P, Hussey A, Neal A, Humphreys M (2000) Integrating the operator into formal models in the air traffic control domain. Technical report

  30. Horl J, Aichernig BK (1999) Formal specification of voice communication system used in air traffic control system. World congress on formal methods in the development of computing systems. Springer, 2

  31. Fung F, Damir J (1998) Formal specification of a flight guidance system. Technical report. NASA

  32. Smieszek H (2012) Modeling behavior and performance of air traffic controllers using coloured petri nets. Technische Universitäte Berlin, Centre of Human-Machine Systems, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  33. Smieszek H, Karl C (2013) An approach to cognitive simulation of air traffic controllers based on coloured petri nets.  Research Report: Technical University of Berlin, Germany

  34. Davidrajuh R, Lin B (2011) Exploring airport traffic capability using Petri net based model. Expert Syst Appl 38(9):10923–10931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Liu C, Zhang L (2010) Modeling and simulating on flight push-out conflicts based on colored Petri net. In: Control conference (CCC) 2010, July 2010, pp 5447–5452

  36. Sun S, Hua K (2009) An aircraft sequencing approach based on fuzzy Petri-net. In: International joint conference 2009 computational sciences and optimization, pp 1008–1011

  37. Oberheid H, Söffker D (2008) Cooperative arrival management in air traffic control—a coloured Petri net model of sequence planning. In: 29th IEEE 2008 applications and theory of Petri nets, Springer, pp 348–367

  38. Kovács Á, Németh E, Hangos KM (2005) Modeling and optimization of runway traffic flow using coloured Petri nets. In: IEEE 2005 control and automation, 2005, vol 2, pp 881–886

  39. Vismari LF, Camargo JB (2008) An absolute—relative risk assessment methodology approach to current safety critical systems and its application to the ADS-B based air traffic control system. In: ICRE 2008, Oct 2008, pp 95–104

  40. Everdij MHC, Blom HAP, Klompstra MB (1997) Dynamically coloured Petri nets for air traffic management safety purposes. In: 8th IFAC symposium on transportation systems 1997, New York

  41. Murata T (1989) Petri nets: properties, analysis and applications. Proc IEEE 77(4):541–580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Reisig W (1985) Petri nets: an introduction. Springer, Heidelberg

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. Pntoolbox: “Petri net toolbox for MATLAB” v2.3.1, http://www.ac.tuiasi.ro/pntool/. Retrieved Feb 2013

  44. Pelayo FL, Valverde JC (2012) Notes on modeling dynamics of concurrent computing systems. Comput Math Appl 64:61–63

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  45. Guirao JLG, Pelayo FL, Valverde JC (2011) Modeling dynamics of concurrent computing systems. Comput Math Appl 61:1402–1406

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farooq Ahmad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sadiq, A., Ahmad, F., Khan, S.A. et al. Modeling and analysis of departure routine in air traffic control based on Petri nets. Neural Comput & Applic 25, 1099–1109 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-014-1590-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-014-1590-4

Keywords

Navigation