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Anxiety, depression, and pain: differences by primary cancer

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Abstract

Goals of work

Disease-related cancer pain is a multidimensional phenomenon. Psychological factors that may alter pain perception in cancer patients have not been well studied. The study purpose was to explore differences in pain, anxiety, and depression by type of primary cancer.

Patients and methods

In a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients (80% male, mean age 60.5 ± 11.5 years) undergoing radiation treatment for head/neck (HNC, n = 93), lung (LC, n = 146), or prostate (PC, n = 63) cancers, patients reported pain quality, pattern, and intensity with the McGill Pain Questionnaire. They also completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Comparative statistics, correlation coefficients, and multivariate regression analysis were performed.

Main results

Worst pain intensity was significantly greater in LC subjects compared to HNC (p < 0.05) and PC (p < 0.001). Pain quality ratings were significantly greater for individuals with LC compared to PC (p < 0.05), and the regression analyses indicated that pain quality ratings were partially predicted by having LC. Depression levels approached clinical significance and were greatest for individuals with LC. Catastrophizing was correlated with high levels of depression (p < 0.01) and anxiety (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Individuals with cancer undergoing radiation treatment experienced clinically significant levels of unrelieved cancer pain despite standard pain management. Pain intensity and quality ratings were greatest for LC individuals and may contribute to symptoms of depression. Catastrophizing may contribute to psychological factors which may impact the pain experience. Tailored treatments that meet cancer patients’ psychosocial and medical needs may result in improved pain management and functional ability.

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Acknowledgements

This research was made possible by grant R29 CA62477 from the National Cancer Institute and grant RPG-96-001-03-PBP from the American Cancer Society. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or American Cancer Society. The authors thank Kevin Grandfield for editorial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, MC 838, Chicago, IL, 60612-7213, USA

    Dena J. Fischer, Dana Villines & Joel B. Epstein

  2. Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 S. Damen Ave. (MC 802), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Young Ok Kim & Diana J. Wilkie

  3. College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Joel B. Epstein & Diana J. Wilkie

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  1. Dena J. Fischer
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  2. Dana Villines
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  4. Joel B. Epstein
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Correspondence to Dena J. Fischer.

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Fischer, D.J., Villines, D., Kim, Y.O. et al. Anxiety, depression, and pain: differences by primary cancer. Support Care Cancer 18, 801–810 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-009-0712-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-009-0712-5

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