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Diabetes mellitus – Definition, Klassifikation, Diagnose, Screening und Prävention (Update 2019)

Diabetes mellitus—Definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention (Update 2019)

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Zusammenfassung

Diabetes mellitus bezeichnet eine Gruppe von heterogenen Erkrankungen, deren gemeinsamer Befund die Erhöhung der Blutglukosekonzentration ist. Die gegenwärtige Klassifikation des Diabetes mellitus wird dargestellt, und die wesentlichen Merkmale von Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes werden gegenübergestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die Kriterien für die korrekte biochemische Diagnose unter Nüchternbedingungen und im oralen Glukosetoleranztest sowie die Anwendung des Hämoglobin A1c (HbA1c) zusammengefasst. Die zunehmende Prävalenz des Diabetes erfordert zudem gezieltes Screening zur Erkennung von Diabetes und Prädiabetes in Risikogruppen. Dies bildete die Grundlage für die frühzeitige Einleitung von Maßnahmen zur Prävention der Manifestation des Diabetes in diesen Risikogruppen und Verzögerung der Diabetesprogression.

Summary

Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of heterogeneous disorders, which have an increase in blood glucose concentrations in common. The current classification for diabetes mellitus is presented and the main features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are compared. Furthermore, the criteria for the correct biochemical diagnosis during fasting and oral glucose tolerance tests as well as the use of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are summarized. The increasing prevalence of diabetes requires targeted screening for detecting diabetes and prediabetes in risk groups. This forms the basis for the early initiation of measures to prevent the onset of diabetes in these risk groups and to delay the progression of diabetes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Jürgen Harreiter

  2. Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Michael Roden

  3. Institut für Klinische Diabetologie, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Michael Roden

  4. Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, DZD e. V., München-Neuherberg, Deutschland

    Michael Roden

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  1. Jürgen Harreiter
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Correspondence to Michael Roden.

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J. Harreiter hat von folgenden Unternehmen Forschungsunterstützungen und/oder Honorare erhalten: AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Takeda. M. Roden hat von folgenden Unternehmen Forschungsunterstützungen und/oder Honorare erhalten: AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Nutricia/Danone, Poxel, Sanofi-Aventis.

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Harreiter, J., Roden, M. Diabetes mellitus – Definition, Klassifikation, Diagnose, Screening und Prävention (Update 2019). Wien Klin Wochenschr 131 (Suppl 1), 6–15 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-019-1450-4

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