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Incidence and long-term outcome of sepsis on general wards and in an ICU at the General Hospital of Vienna: an observational cohort study

Inzidenz und Langzeit Outcome der Sepsis auf Normal- und Intensivstationen am Allgemeinen Krankenhaus Wien: eine Kohortenstudie

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Summary

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units (ICUs) and has enormous relevance in health economics. There is growing evidence, however, that a significant percentage of patients with sepsis are not treated in an ICU. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and short- and long-term mortality of sepsis according to patients’ location on general wards or in an ICU over a period of a year. We retrospectively collected data on patients with sepsis admitted to the General Hospital of Vienna during a 12-month period. We used world health organization (WHO) ICD-10 classification as the selection criterion and analyzed demographic data, length of stay, and 28-day, hospital, and 3-year mortality on general wards and in the ICU. A total of 68,305 inpatient admission episodes between January 1 and December 31, 2007 were screened for sepsis. Using ICD-10 codes we identified 139 patients with sepsis, giving a cumulative hospital incidence of 2 cases/1,000 admissions; 32 % of these patients needed ICU treatment. The overall 28-day mortality rate was 29.5 %, increasing to 55.4 % 3 years after hospital discharge. On general wards the 28-day mortality rate was 12.6 %, increasing to 42.1 % 3 years after discharge; the respective rates for the ICU were 65.9 and 84.1 %. Sepsis is a disease of predominantly elderly patients. The majority of sepsis occurred on general wards and about 30 % in the ICU. Considerable number of patients with sepsis on general wards died after hospital discharge, thus the often used 28-day in-hospital mortality rate may fail to capture the true impact of sepsis on subsequent outcome.

Zusammenfassung

Sepsis ist eine der häufigsten Todesursachen auf Intensivstationen und hat eine erhebliche gesundheitsökonomische Bedeutung. Zuletzt gab es jedoch vermehrt Hinweise, dass eine beträchtliche Anzahl an Patienten mit Sepsis nicht auf Intensivstationen behandelt werden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Epidemiologie sowie die Kurz- und Langzeitmortalität der Sepsis im Verlauf eines Jahres entsprechend der Patientenverteilung auf Normal- und Intensivstationen zu ermitteln. Die WHO ICD-10 Codierung diente als Auswahlkriterium, um retrospektiv Daten von Patienten, die innerhalb einer 12-monatigen Periode mit Sepsis im Allgemeinen Krankenhaus Wien aufgenommen wurden, zu erheben. Es wurden demographische Daten, Aufenthaltsdauer und 28-Tage-, Krankenhaus- sowie 3-Jahres-Mortalität auf Normal- und Intensivstationen analysiert. Insgesamt 65.305 stationäre Aufnahmen zwischen 1. Januar 2007 und 31. Dezember 2007 wurden nach Sepsis gescreent. Mit Hilfe der ICD-10 Codes wurden 139 Patienten mit Sepsis identifiziert. Das er-gibt eine kumulative Krankenhausinzidenz von 2 Fällen pro 1000 Aufnahmen; 32 % dieser Patienten waren intensivpflichtig. Die 28-Tage-Mortalität im Gesamt-kollektiv betrug 29,5 % und stieg 3 Jahre nach Entlassung auf 55,4 % an. Auf Normalstationen lag die 28-Tage-Mortalität bei 12,6 % und stieg 3 Jahren nach Entlassung auf 42,1 % an; die entsprechenden Raten auf Intensivstationen lagen bei 65,9 und 84,1 %. Sepsis ist in erster Linie eine Erkrankung älterer Patienten. Der überwiegende Anteil an Sepsisfällen trat auf Normalstationen auf und etwa 30 % der septischen Patienten wurden auf der Intensivstation behandelt. Eine erhebliche Anzahl der septischen Patienten auf Normalstationen verstarb nach dem Krankenhausaufenthalt. Daher scheint die oft verwendete 28-Tage-Krankenhausmortalität unge-eignet, um das tatsächliche Outcome nach Sepsis zuermitteln.

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Correspondence to Heinz Burgmann MD.

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Stiermaier, T., Herkner, H., Tobudic, S. et al. Incidence and long-term outcome of sepsis on general wards and in an ICU at the General Hospital of Vienna: an observational cohort study. Wien Klin Wochenschr 125, 302–308 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-013-0351-1

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