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Synergism between mefloquine and artemisinin and its enhancement by retinol in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

Synergismus zwischen Mefloquin und Artemisinin und dessen Verstärkung durch Retinol bei Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

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Zusammenfassung

Nach Eintritt der Mefloquinresistenz von Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand in den neunziger Jahren stellte sich die Kombinationstherapie mit Mefloquin und Artesunat in der Behandlung und Heilung von Patienten als effektiv heraus. Klinisch-parasitologisches Ansprechen und die in-vitro Sensibilität von P. falciparum wurden regelmäßig untersucht um etwaiges Versagen dieser Kombinationstherapie frühzeitig festzustellen. Frühere Studien zeigten, dass die in-vitro Aktivität von Artemisinin durch Retinol verstärkt werden kann. Gleiches konnte bei Mefloquine beobachtet werden. Nach weiterer Sensibilitätsminderung gegenüber Artemisinin und Mefloquin ergab sich die Frage, ob der Synergismus zwischen diesen Substanzen sowie Retinol in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wurde. Dies war Gegenstand der Studie. Erfolgreiche parallele Tests mit Mefloquine, Artemisinin, Retinol, Mefloquine-Artemisinin 5:1, wie auch mit Mefloquine-Artemisinin (5:1) + Retinol low, medium and high ergaben sich bei 43 von 48 ursprünglich angesetzten frischen Patientenisolaten. Die Retinol-Konzentrationen in den low, medium and high Konzentrationen entsprechen der fünfzigsten, fünfundsechzigsten und achtzigsten Percentile der physiologischen mittleren Konzentration von Retinol im Blut eines gesunden Erwachsenen. Die IC50, IC90 und IC99 Werte für Mefloquin zeigten einen Anstieg im Vergleich zu den Werten von 2008. In den Kombinationen mit Artemisinin und Retinol wurde mäßiger Synergismus bei der IC-50 beobachtet. Ausgeprägter Synergismus zeigte sich bei der IC-90 und IC-99.

Summary

Following the advent of mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand in the 1990s, the combined treatment of falciparum malaria with artesunate and mefloquine was found to be highly effective in treating and curing the patients in the affected areas. Monitoring of the clinical-parasitological response and of the in vitro sensitivity of P. falciparum was systematically conducted in order to detect any signs of failure of this type of artemisinin-based combination treatment (ACT). In earlier observations the in vitro activity of artemisinin was found to be significantly enhanced when combined with retinol. The same applies to mefloquine. In order to check whether the synergism between artemisinin and mefloquine was maintained in the presence of retinol, the pharmacodynamic interaction of the three compounds was investigated in the western border area of Thailand. Successful parallel tests with mefloquine, artemisinin, retinol, mefloquine-artemisinin 5:1 as well as mefloquine-artemisinin (5:1) + retinol low, medium and high were obtained with 43 fresh parasite isolates. The retinol concentrations in the low, medium and high formulations corresponded to the 50th, 65th and 80th percentile of the physiological mean concentrations in the blood of healthy adults. The IC50, IC90 and IC99 values for mefloquine alone showed a further increase over the data of 2008. In the combinations with artemisinin and retinol moderate synergism was observed at the IC50, but synergism increased strongly at the IC90 and the IC99.

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Correspondence to Walther H. Wernsdorfer.

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Kerschbaumer, G., Wernsdorfer, G., Wiedermann, U. et al. Synergism between mefloquine and artemisinin and its enhancement by retinol in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro . Wien Klin Wochenschr 122 (Suppl 3), 57–60 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-010-1439-5

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