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Attitudes towards palliative care in primary metastatic cancer: a survey among oncologists

Einstellung zur Palliativmedizinischen Betreuung von Patienten mit metastasiertem Karzinom: Eine Erhebung unter Onkologen

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Zusammenfassung

Die Einstellung zur Palliativmedizin zeigt große interindividuelle Schwankungen und ist von vielen persönlichen und gesellschaftlichen Variablen abhängig. Prinzipiell wird empfohlen, dass die Palliativmedizin bereits früh im Krankheitsverlauf von Patienten mit lebensbedrohlichen Erkrankungen einbezogen wird. Allerdings gibt es keine Daten, wie diese Empfehlung in Österreich umgesetzt wird. Wir haben deshalb eine Umfrage unter 785 österreichischen Onkologen durchgeführt und ihnen dabei den Krankheitsverlauf einer Patientin mit primär metastasiertem Mamma-Karzinom von der Diagnosestellung bis zum Tod präsentiert. Die Mehrzahl der Onkologen gab an, bei einem Karnofsky Index (KI) von < 50 palliativmedizinische Einrichtungen und bei einem KI < 40 Hospize in Anspruch zu nehmen. Spezifische Ausbildung in Palliativmedizin war mit einer signifikant früheren Einbeziehung von Hospizen assoziiert. Die "Angst Hoffnung zu zerstören" war der am häufigsten angeführte Grund für eine nicht früher erfolgte Kontaktaufnahme (36% bei Palliativdiensten, 57% bei Hospizdiensten). Die Aufklärung über die Malignität der Erkrankung und die damit einhergehende Einschränkung der Lebenserwartung würden 67% der befragten zum Diagnosezeitpunkt vornehmen. Nur 25% würden zu diesem Zeitpunkt auch über die Möglichkeit der Abfassung einer Patientenverfügung aufklären. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass Onkologen palliativmedizinische Einrichtungen und Hospize in einem fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadium involvieren und nicht alle Patientinnen zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose über Inkurabilität und begrenzte Lebenserwartung aufklären würden.

Summary

Oncologists differ widely in their attitudes towards palliative care and services. These attitudes depend on a number of individual and society-based variables. It is recommended that palliative care be started early in the disease trajectory of patients with a life-threatening disease but in Austria we lack data on oncologists' adherence to this recommendation. We surveyed 785 oncologists in Austria by presenting the clinical course of a hypothetical patient with primary metastatic breast cancer from diagnosis until death. The majority of oncologists would involve palliative care services when the patient's Karnofsky index (KI) was < 50, and hospice services when the KI was < 40. Special training in palliative care was significantly associated with early use of hospice services. Reasons for not involving palliative care and hospice services earlier than indicated were systematically evaluated and included, among others, "fear of destroying the patient's hopes" (36% of respondents with regard to palliative services, 57% with regard to hospices). Overall, 67% of the oncologists would inform the patient about the malignant nature of her disease and the anticipated limitation of her life expectancy at the time of diagnosis. Issuing an advance directive would be discussed by only 25% at that time. Our data show that oncologists involve palliative care services at an advanced stage of disease in patients with primary metastatic cancer and that information about malignancy and the incurable nature of the disease is not uniformly provided at the time of diagnosis.

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Correspondence to Herbert H. Watzke.

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Kierner, K., Gartner, V., Bartsch, R. et al. Attitudes towards palliative care in primary metastatic cancer: a survey among oncologists. Wien Klin Wochenschr 122, 45–49 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1295-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1295-3

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