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Association of stress hyperglycemia and atrial fibrillation in myocardial infarction

Assoziation von Stress-Hyperglykämie und Vorhofflimmern bei Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt

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Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRUND: Eine Stress-Hyperglykämie hat einen negativen Einfluss auf die Prognose von Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt (AMI). Über die Beziehung zwischen Hyperglykämie und Rythmusstörungen bzw. Vorhofflimmern (AF) ist wenig bekannt. Unsere Arbeitshypothese war, dass eine Stress-Hyperglykämie und AF – beides Prädiktoren einer schlechten Prognose der frühen Post-Infarkt-Phase – assoziiert sein könnten. Wir analysierten daher den Zusammenhang zwischen Stresshyperglykämie und Vorhofflimmern bei Patienten mit AMI. ERGEBNISSE: Die Prävalenz von AF war bei bei 200 Patienten mit AMI und einer Stresshyperglykämie (≥ 8,0 mmol/l Aufnahmeglukose) mit 15,00% signifikant höher als bei 343 Infarkt-Patienten mit einer Glykämie von < 8 mmol/l (7,87%) (Pearson's Chi-Quadrat p = 0,010, OR = 2,07 (95% Cl 1,180–3,637). Bei Patienten ohne Stresshyperglykämie (< 8,0 mmol/l) und ohne AF war die Krankenhausmortalität 1,67%, bei Patienten mit Stresshyperglykämie ohne AF 3,85%; bei AF ohne Stresshyperglykämie 13,04%, und wenn sowohl Stresshyperglykämie als auch AF vorlagen, war die Mortalität mit 24,14% am höchsten. Die Hyperglykämie (r = 0.1680, p = 0,0472) korrelierte im Gegensatz zum AF mit der Größe des AMI. Die Prävalenz von AF war in der normoglykämischen Gruppe (8,28%) niedriger, als bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus (DM) (14,65%) (Pearsons Chi-Quadrat p = 0,02; OR = 2,04) (95% Cl 1,06–3,93). Es bestand kein Unterschied im Auftreten eines AF zwischem vorbestehendem DM oder "de novo" DM (Fishers exact test p = 0.34). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Eine Stresshyperglykämie (≥ 8,0 mmol/l) ist mit einem erhöhtem Auftreten eines AF bei Patienten mit AMI vergesellschaftet. Bei Patienten mit gleichzeitiger Stresshyperglykämie und AF ist die Krankenhausmortalität nach Herzinfarkt signifikant erhöht. Stresshyperglykämie war ein unabhängiger Prädiktor der Prognose in einer multivariaten Analyse, AF jedoch nicht.

Summary

BACKGROUND: Stress hyperglycemia has an untoward effect on prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Evidence on the interrelationship between stress hyperglycemia and atrial fibrillation (AF) in AMI is sparse. We hypothesized that stress hyperglycemia and AF, both being markers of worse in-hospital prognosis, may be interrelated and we therefore analyzed the relationship between stress hyperglycemia and AF in AMI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was a retrospective analysis of 543 patients with AMI. The average age was 63.8 ± 10.6 years and 54.9% were male. RESULTS: AF was more prevalent in 200 AMI patients with admission glucose ≥ 8.0 mmol/l (15.00%) than in 343 patients with admission glucose < 8 mmol/l (7.87%), Pearson's chi-squared P = 0.010, OR 2.07 (95% CI 1.180–3.637). In AMI patients with neither stress hyperglycemia nor AF, in-hospital mortality was 1.67%; in patients with stress hyperglycemia without AF, the mortality was 3.85%. In patients with AF without stress hyperglycemia, mortality was high at 13.04%, and in patients with both stress hyperglycemia and AF it was extremely high at 24.14%. Hyperglycemia (r = 0.1680, P = 0.0472) but not AF correlated with the size of the AMI. Compared with an AF prevalence of 8.28% in the normoglycemic group, AF was found more often (14.65%) in a group with diabetes mellitus (DM), Pearson's chi-squared P = 0.02, OR = 2.04 (95% CI 1.06–3.93). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of AF between patients with previously diagnosed DM and those with new-onset DM (Fisher's exact test P = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Stress hyperglycemia is associated with increased prevalence of AF in AMI. Patients with both stress hyperglycemia at admission (≥ 8.0 mmol/l) and AF had almost 14.5 times higher in-hospital mortality than patients who had neither stress hyperglycemia nor AF. Stress hyperglycemia was an independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality in multivariate regression analysis, but AF was not.

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Correspondence to Goran P. Koracevic.

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Koracevic, G., Petrovic, S., Damjanovic, M. et al. Association of stress hyperglycemia and atrial fibrillation in myocardial infarction. Wien Klin Wochenschr 120, 409–413 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-0983-8

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