Zusammenfassung
Das Gastrinom ist der häufigste funktionell aktive pankrearticoduodenale Tumor bei Patienten mit einer Multiplen endokrinen Neoplasie Typ 1 und eine der Haupttodesursachen dieses Syndroms. Ob eine routinemäßige chirurgische Exploration bei Patienten mit nachgewiesenem MEN1-assoziierten Zollinger-Ellison-Syndrom (ZES) durchgeführt werden sollte, wird kontrovers gesehen. Da evidenz-basierte Daten feheln, besteht derzeit auch Uneinigkeit über die durchzuführende operative Prozedur. Dieser Artikel diskutiert die verfügbaren Daten zu möglichen Therapiestrategien beim MEN1-assozierten ZES.
Summary
Gastrinoma is the most frequent functional pancreatioduodenal endocrine tumor in patients with multilpe endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and one major determinant of mortality in this syndrome. Whether routine surgical exploration should be performed in a patient with MEN1 associated Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) to possibly reduce the malignant spread and eventually increase survival still remains controversial. There is not only disagreement about the indication for surgical exploration, but also what type of procedure should be performed, since sufficient evidence-based data are not available. The article discusses the available data on treatment strategies of MEN1 associated ZES.
References
Wermer P (1954) Genetic aspects of adenomatosis of endocrine glands. Am J Med 16: 363–371
Chandrasekharappa SC, Guru SC, Manickamp P, Olufemi SE, Collins FS, Emmert-Buck MR, et al (1997) Positional cloning of the gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Science 276: 404–407
Gobl AE, Berg M, Lopez-Egido JR, Oberg K, Skogseid B, Westin G (1999) Menin represses JunD-activated transcription by a histone deacetylase-dependent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta 1447: 51–56
Lips CJM, Vasen HFA, Lamers CBH (1984) Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2: 117–184
Vasen HFA, Lamers CBH, Lips CJM (1989) Screening for the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome: a study of 11 kindreds in the Netherlands. Arch Inter Med 149: 2717–2721
Langer P, Wild A, Nies C, Rothmund M, Bartsch DK (2001) Variable expression of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 – implications for screening strategies. Int J Surg Invest 3: 473–481
Marx SJ, Vinik AI, Santen RJ, Floyd JC Jr, ills JL, Green J 3rd (1986) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: assessment of labarotory tests to screen for the gene in a large kindred. Medicine 65: 226–241
Skogseid BS, Eriksson B, Lundqvist G, Lorelius LE, Rastad J, Wide L, Akerstrom G, Oberg K (1991) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a 10-year prospective screening study in four kindreds. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1 73: 281–287
Anlauf M, Perren A, Meyer CL, Schmid S, Saremaslani P, Kruse ML, et al (2005) Precursor lesions in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-associated duodenal gastrinomas. Gastroenterology 128: 1187–1198
Norton JA, Fraker DL, Alexander HR, Venzon DJ, Doppman JL, Serrano J, et al (1999) Surgery to cure the Zollinger-Elisson syndrome. N Engl J Med 341: 635–644
Weber HC, Venzon DJ, Lin JT, Fishbein VA, Orbuch M, Strader DB, et al (1995) Determinants of metastatic rate and survival in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: a prospective long-term study. Gastroenterology 108: 1637–1649
Yu F, Venzon DJ, Serrano J, Goebel SU, Doppman JL, Gibril F, Jensen RT (1999) Prospective study of the clinical course, prognostic factors, cause of death, and survival in patients with long-standing Zollinger-Elisson syndrome. J Clin Oncol 17: 615–630
Norton JA, Jensen RT (2003) Current surgical management of Zollinger-Elisson sndrome in patients without multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Surg Oncol 12: 145–151
Gibril F, Venzon DJ, Ojeaburu JV, Bashir S, Jensen RT (2001) Prospective study of the natural history of gastrinoma in patients with MEN1: definition of an aggressive and a nonagressive form. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 5282–5293
Norton JA, Cornelius MJ, Doppmann JL, Maton PN, Garner JD, Jensen RT (1987) Effect of parathyroidectomy in patients with hyperparathyroidism, Zolllinger-Ellison syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; a prospective study. Surgery 102: 958
Oberg K, Skogseid B (1998) The ultimate biochemical diagnosis of endocrine pancreatic tumours in MEN-1. J Int Med 243: 471–476
Skogseid B, Oberg K, Benson L, Lindgren PG, Lorelius LE, Lundquist G, Wide L, Wilander E (1987) A standardised meal stimulation test of the endocrine pancreas for early detection of pancreatic endocrine tumours in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: five years experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64: 1233–1240
Langer P, Wild A, Celik I, Kopp I, Bergenfelz A, Bartsch DK (2001) Prospective controlled trial of a standardised meal stimulation test in the detection of pancreaticoduodenal endocrine tumours in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Br J Surg 88: 1403–1407
Brandi ML, Gagel RF, Angeli A, Bilezikian JP, Beck-Peccoz P, Bordi C, et al (2001) Guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of MEN type 1 and type 2. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 5658–5671
Kwekkeboom D, Krenning EP, de Jong M (2000) Peptide receptor imaging and therapy. J Nucl Med 41: 1704–1713
Gibril F, Reynolds JC, Doppman JL, Chen CC, Venzon DJ, Termanini B, et al (1997) Somatostain receptor scintigraphy: its sensitivity compared with that of imaging methods in detecting primary and metastatic gastrinomas: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med 125: 26–34
Alexander HR, Fraker DL, Norton JA, Bartlett DL, Tio L, Benjamin SB, et al (1998) Porspective study of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and its effect on operative outcome in patients with Zollinger-Elisson syndrome. Ann Surg 228: 228–238
Anderson MA, Carpenter S, Thompson NW, Nostrant TT, Elta GH, Scheiman JM (2000) Endoscopic ultrasound is highly accurate and directs management in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Am J Gastroenterol 95: 2271–2277
Gauger PG, Scheiman JM, Wamsteker E-J, Richards ML, Doherty GM, Thompson NW (2003) Role of endoscopic ultrasonography in screening and treatment of pancreatic endocrine tumours in asymptomatic patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Br J Surg 90: 748–754
Kann PH, Wirkus B, Keth A, Goitom K (2003) Pitfalls in endosonographic imaging of suspected insulinomas: pancreatic nodules of unknown dignity. Eur J Endocrinol 148: 531–534
Langer P, Kann PH, Fendrich V, Richter G, Diehl S, Rothmund M, Bartsch DK (2004) Prospective evaluation of imaging procedures for the detection of pancreaticoduodenal endocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. World J Surg 28: 1317–1322
Imamura M, Takahashi K, Adachi H (1976) Usefulness of selective arterial secretin injection test for localization of gastrinoma in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ann Surg 76: 205–230
Kisker O, Bastian D, Bartsch D, Nies C, Rothmund M (1998) Localisation, malignant potential, and surgical management of gastrinoma. World J Surg 22: 651–658
Thompson NW (1998) Management of pancreatic endocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Surg Clin N Am 7: 881–891
Cadiot G, Vuagnat A, Doukhan I, Murat A, Bonnaud G, Delemer B, et al (1999) Prognostic factors in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Groupe d'Etude des Neoplasies Endocriniennes Multiples (GENEM and groupe de Recherche et d'Etude du Syndrome de Zollinger-Ellison (GRESZE). Gastroenterology 116: 286–293
Jensen RT (1998) Management of Zollinger-Elisson syndrome in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Intern Med 243: 477–488
Norton JA, Alexander HR, Fraker DL, Venzon DJ, Gibril F, Jensen RT, Fraker DL (2001) Comparison of surgical results in patients with advanced and limited disease with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ann Surg 234: 495–505
Malagelada JR, Edis AJ, Adson MA, van Heerden JA, Go VL (1983) Medical and surgical options in the management of patients with gastrinoma. Gastroenterology 84: 1524–1532
Mignon M, Cadiot G (1998) Diagnostic and therapeutic criteria in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Intern Med 243: 489–494
Mac Farlane MP, Fraker DL, Alexander HR, Norton JA, Lubensyk I, Jensen RT (1995) Prospective study of surgical resection of duodenal and pancreatic gastrinomas in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Surgery 118: 973–979
Norton JA, Wells SA Jr (1997) The surgical management of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82: 359–361
Bartsch DK, Langer P, Wild A, Schilling T, Celik I, Rothmund M, Nies C (2000) Pancreaticoduodenal endocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: surgery or surveillance? Surgery 128: 958–966
Akerstrom G, Hessman O, Skogseid B (2002) Timing and extent of surgery in symptomatic and asymptomatic neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas in MEN1. Langenbecks Arch Surg 386: 558–569
Wilkinson S, Teh BT, Davey KR, McArdle JP, Young M, Shepherd JJ (1993) Cause of death in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Arch Surg 128: 683–690
Doherty GM, Doherty GM, Olson JA, Frisella MM, Lairmore TC, Wells SA Jr, Norton JA (1998) Lethality of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. World J Surg 22: 581–587
Gibril F, Schumann M, Pace A, Jensen RT (2004) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A prospective study of 107 cases and comparison with 1009 cases from the literature. Medicine 83: 43–83
Fraker DL, Norton JA, Alexander R, Venzon DJ, Jensen RT (1994) Surgery for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome alters the natural history of gastrinoma. Ann Surg 220: 320–330
Lowney JK, Frisella MM, Lairmore TC, Doherty GM (1999) Pancreatic islet cell tumor metastasis in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: correlation with primary tumor size. Surgery 125: 1043–1049
Bartsch DK, Fendrich V, Langer P, Celik I, Kann PH, Rothmund M (2005) Outcome of duodenopancreatic resections in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Ann Surg 6: 757–766
Skogseid B, Öberg K, Eriksson B, Juhlin C, Granberg D, Akerstrom G, Rastad J (1996) Surgery for asymptomatic pancreatic lesions in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. World J Surg 20: 872–877
Kouvaraki MA, Lee JES, Shapiro SE (2002) Genotypephenotype analysis in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Arch Surg 137: 641–647
Hausman MS Jr, Thompson NW, Gauger PG, Doherty GM (2004) The surgical management of MEN-1 pancreatoduodenal neuroendocrine disease. Surgery 136: 1205–1211
Skogseid BS, Eriksson B, Lundqvist G, Lorelius LE, Rastad J, Wide L, Akerstrom G, Oberg K (1991) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a 10-year prospective screening study in four kindreds. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73: 281–287
Gauger PG, Thompson NW (2001) Early surgical intervention and strategy in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 15: 213–223
Pipeleers-Marichal M, Somers G, Willems G, Foulis A, Imrie C, Bishop AE, et al (1990) Gastrinomas in the duodenums of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. N Engl J Med 322: 723–727
Imamura M, Komoto I, Doi R, Onodera H, Kobayashi H, Kawai Y (2005) New pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy technique. World J Surg 29: 203–207
Langer P, Bartsch DK, Fendrich V, Kann PH, Rothmund M, Zielke A (2005) Minimal-invasive operative treatment of organic hyperinsulinism. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 130: 514–518
Fernandez-Cruz L, Saenz A, Astudillo E, Martinez I, Hoyos S, Pantoja JP, Navarro S (2002) Outcome of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery: endocrine and nonendocrine tumors. World J Surg 26: 1057–1065
Blanc P, Porcheron J, Pages A, Breton C, Mosnier JF, Balique JG (2000) Laparoscopic excicion of a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor. Ann Chir 125: 176–178
Stabile BE, Morrow DJ, Passaro E Jr (1984) The gastrinoma triangle: operative implications. Am J Surg 147: 25–31
Norton JA, Jensen RT (2004) Resolved and unresolved controversies in the surgical management of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ann Surg 240: 757–773
Jaskowiak NT, Fraker DL, Alexander HR, Norton JA, Doppmann JL, Jensen RT (1996) Is reoperation for gastrinoma excision in Zollinger-Elisson syndrome indicated? Surgery 120: 1057–1063
Mignon M, Ruszniewski P, Podevin P, Sabbagh L, Cadiot G, Rigaud D, Bonfils S (1993) Current approach to the management of gastrinoma and insulinoma in adults with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. World J Surg 17: 489–497
Grama D, Eriksson B, Martensson H, Cedermark B, Ahren B, Kristoffersson A, Rastad J, Oberg K, Akerstrom G (1992) Clinical characteristics, treatment and survival in patients with pancreatic tumors causing hormonal syndromes. World J Surg 16: 632–639
MacFarlane MP, Fraker DL, Alexander HR, Norton JA, Lubensky I, Jensen RT (1995) Prospective study of surgical resection of duodenal and pancreatic gastrinomas in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Surgery 118: 973–979
Delcore R, Friesen SR (1992) Role of pancreatoduodenectomy in the management of primary duodenal wall gastrinomas in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Surgery 112: 1016–1022
Stadil F (1995) Treatment of gastrinomas with pancreatoduodenectomy. In: Mignon M, Jensen RT (eds) Endocrine tumors of the pancreas: recent advances in research and management. Vol 23 of Frontiers of gastrointestinal research. Karger Basel, Switzerland, pp 333–337
Schroder W, Holscher AH, Beckurts T, Richter TH, Hofler H, Siewert JR (1996) Duodenal microgastrinomas associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Hepatogastroenterology 43: 1465–1469
Kato M, Imamura M, Hosotani R, Shimada Y, Doi R, Itami A, et al (2000) Curative resection of microgastrinomas based on the intraoperative secretin test. World J Surg 24: 1425–1430
Lairmore TC, Chen VY, DeBenedetti MK, Gillanders WE, Norton JA, Doherty GM (2000) Duodenopancreatic resections in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Ann Surg 231: 909–918
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bartsch, D., Langer, P. & Rothmund, M. Surgical aspects of gastrinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119, 602–608 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0883-3
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0883-3