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Utilisation of layered piezoelectric resonators for the online measurement of mass density and viscosity of fluids

Verwendung piezoelektrischer Resonatoren für die Online-Messung der Dichte und Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten

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Zusammenfassung

Bei allen industriellen Prozessen, bei denen Flüssigkeiten als Zwischen- oder Endprodukte auftreten, besteht ein Bedarf an einer Online-Messung von physikalischen Flüssigkeitseigenschaften wie z. B. Dichte, Viskosität, Schallgeschwindigkeit. Die kontinuierliche Messung dieser Flüssigkeitsparameter ist für die Überwachung und Steuerung der Produktqualität sowie für die Verbesserung der Produktivität von Bedeutung. In diesem Beitrag wird über die Untersuchung von mehrschichtigen resonanten piezoelektrischen Sensoren für Flüssigkeiten berichtet, und es wird gezeigt, dass sich diese durch hohe Auflösung und Genauigkeit sowie insbesondere durch die analytisch definierte Sensorkennlinie auszeichnen. Der in dieser Arbeit beschriebene resonante Sensor für Flüssigkeiten basiert auf zwei piezoelektrischen Volumenresonatorscheiben, zwischen denen die zu messende Flüssigkeit eingeschlossen ist. Die Sensoren für die Dichte und die Schallgeschwindigkeit von Flüssigkeiten verwenden piezoelektrische Volumenresonatoren, die im extensionalen Dickenschwingungsmodus betrieben werden, während für die Viskositätsmessungen Dickenschwerschwinger eingesetzt werden. In beiden Fällen sind Versionen möglich, die mit sehr geringen Flüssigkeitsmengen von 250 μl bzw. 130 μl auskommen. Eine weitergehende Miniaturisierung ist möglich und würde den Einsatz in Mikrofluidik-Applikationen ermöglichen. Für diese Sensorfamilie wurde eine universelle Messelektronik entwickelt, die auf der Messung des elektrischen Admittanzverlaufs beruht. Während die mit dem Dichtesensor bisher erzielte Genauigkeit noch nicht konkurrenzfähig zu etablierten Methoden ist, ist die Genauigkeit der Schallgeschwindigkeits- und der Viskositätsmessung mit resonanten Volumenresonatoren bereits sehr nahe, in einigen Fällen sogar jener mit wesentlich teureren Labormessgeräten erreichbaren Genauigkeit überlegen.

Summary

For all processes in industry where liquids are intermediate or end products, there is a demand for online measurements of physical liquid properties, like density, viscosity and speed of sound. The continuous monitoring of those quantities is important for quality control and for enhancing productivity. In this paper layered resonant piezoelectric sensors for liquids are investigated and it is shown that they are advantageous because of their high resolution and accuracy and especially because of the analytically defined sensor function. The resonant sensor for liquids described in this paper is based on two bulk acoustic wave (BAW) piezoelectric plates with the liquid under investigation in between the vibrating plates. The density and the speed of sound sensors for liquids use BAW thickness extensional mode vibrators, while for the viscosity measurements BAW thickness shear resonators are used. In both cases sensor versions are available for low sample volumes of 250 µl and 130 µl, respectively. Further miniaturization of these sensor versions is feasible, which would allow their use also in microfluidic applications. For this sensor family a unique measurement electronics based on an electrical admittance measurement system has been developed. While the rather low accuracy currently obtained with the density sensors is still not competitive with established methods, the accuracy of monitoring the speed of sound and the viscosity with these resonant BAW sensors is already very close to, in some cases even better than, the accuracy obtained with more expensive offline laboratory measurement equipment.

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Radel, S., Benes, E. Utilisation of layered piezoelectric resonators for the online measurement of mass density and viscosity of fluids. Elektrotech. Inftech. 126, 19–30 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00502-009-0613-6

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