Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Credit scoring using support vector machines with direct search for parameters selection

  • Focus
  • Published:
Soft Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Support vector machines (SVM) is an effective tool for building good credit scoring models. However, the performance of the model depends on its parameters’ setting. In this study, we use direct search method to optimize the SVM-based credit scoring model and compare it with other three parameters optimization methods, such as grid search, method based on design of experiment (DOE) and genetic algorithm (GA). Two real-world credit datasets are selected to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. The results show that the direct search method can find the effective model with high classification accuracy and good robustness and keep less dependency on the initial search space or point setting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baesens B, Gestel TV, Viaene S, Stepanova M, Suykens J, Vanthienen J (2003) Benchmarking state-of-the-art classification algorithms for credit scoring. J Oper Res Soc 54: 627–635

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Desai VS, Conway DG, Crook JN, Overstreet GA Jr. (1997) Credit-scoring models in the credit-union environment using neural networks and genetic algorithms. IMA J Manage Math 8(4): 323–346

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gao J (2007) Credibilistic game with fuzzy information. J Uncertain Syst 1(1): 74–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehrlein WV, Wagner BJ (1997) A two-stage least cost credit scoring model. Ann Oper Res 74(1–4): 159–171

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gestel TV, Baesens B, Garcia J, Dijcke PV (2003) A support vector machine approach to credit scoring. Bank en Financiewezen 2: 73–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Glover F (1990) Improved linear programming models for discriminant analysis. Dec Sci 21(4): 771–785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy WE Jr., Adrian JL Jr. (1985) A linear programming alternative to discriminant analysis in credit scoring. Agribusiness 1(4): 285–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henley WE, Hand DJ (1997) Construction of a k-nearest-neighbour credit-scoring system. IMA J Manage Math 8(4): 305–321

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Huang CL, Chen MC, Wang CJ (2007) Credit scoring with a data mining approach based on support vector machines. Expert Syst Appl 33(4): 847–856

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen HL (1992) Using neural networks for credit scoring. Manage Financ 18(6): 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai KK, Yu L, Zhou LG, Wang SY (2006) Credit risk evaluation with least square support vector machine. Lect Notes Artif Intell 4062: 490–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Makowski P (1985) Credit scoring branches out. Credit World 74(2): 30–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers JH, Forgy EW (1963) The development of numerical credit evaluation systems. J Am Stat Assoc 58(303): 799–806

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg E, Gleit A (1994) Quantitative methods in credit management: a survery. Oper Res 42(4): 589–613

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Schebesch KB, Stecking R (2005) Support vector machines for classifying and describing credit applicants: detecting typical and critical regions. J Oper Res Soc 56(8): 1082–1088

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Staelin C (2003) Parameter selection for support vector machines. In: Tech Rep. HP Laboratories, Israel

  • Suykens JAK, Gestel TV, Brabanter JD, Moor BD, Vandewalle J (2002) Least squares support vector machines. World Scientific, Singapore

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • The MathWorks Inc. (2007) MATLAB genetic algorithm and direct search toolbox, version 2.1. Natick

  • Thomas LC (2000) A survey of credit and behavioural scoring: forecasting financial risk of lending to consumers. Int J Forecast 16(2): 149–172

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Vapnik VN (2000) The nature of statistical learning theory, 2nd edn. Springer, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Yobas MB, Crook JN, Ross P (2000) Credit scoring using neural and evolutionary techniques. IMA J Manage Math 11(2): 111–125

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • West D (2000) Neural network credit scoring models. Comput Oper Res 27(11–12): 1131–1152

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wiginton JC (1980) A note on the comparison of logit and discriminant models of consumer credit behavior. J Financ Quant Anal 15(3): 757–770

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kin Keung Lai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhou, L., Lai, K.K. & Yu, L. Credit scoring using support vector machines with direct search for parameters selection. Soft Comput 13, 149–155 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-008-0305-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-008-0305-0

Keywords

Navigation