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The breeding systems of diploid and neoautotetraploid clones of Acacia mangium Willd. in a synthetic sympatric population in Vietnam

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Abstract

Colchicine-induced neoautotetraploid genotypes of Acacia mangium were cloned and planted in mixture with a set of diploid clones in an orchard in southern Vietnam. Following good general flowering, open-pollinated seed was collected from trees of both cytotypes and microsatellite markers were used to determine the breeding system as characterised by the proportion of outcrosses in young seedling progeny. As predicted from the literature, the progeny of diploid clones were predominantly outcrossed (t m = 0.97). In contrast, the progeny of the tetraploid clones were almost entirely selfs (t m = 0.02; 3 of 161 seedlings assayed were tetraploid outcrosses and there were no triploids). Segregation at loci heterozygous in the tetraploid mothers followed expected ratios, indicating sexual reproduction rather than apomixis. Post-zygotic factors are primarily responsible for divergence of the breeding systems. Commonly, less than 1 % of Acacia flowers mature as a pod, and after mixed pollination, diploid outcrossed seed normally develops at the expense of selfs. Selfs of the tetraploid trees appear to express less genetic load and have a higher probability of maturing. However, this does not fully explain the observed deficiency of outcross tetraploid progeny. Presumably, there are cytogenetic reasons which remain to be investigated. In nature, selfing would increase the probability of establishment of neotetraploids irrespective of cytotype frequency in the population. Breeders need to review their open-pollinated breeding and seed production strategies. It remains to be seen whether this is an ephemeral problem, with strong fertility selection restoring potential for outcrossing over generations.

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Acknowledgments

The post-graduate studies of TDV and CQN at the University of Tasmania were supported by John Allwright Scholarships from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). ARG, JH and CEH acknowledge support from ACIAR Project FST2008/007. Mr La Ngoc Hong from FSIV harvested and extracted the seeds and Mr Tran Ho Quang assisted with DNA extraction. We would also like to acknowledge the help of Rebecca Jones, James Marthick and Adam Smolenski with molecular analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    A. R. Griffin, T. D. Vuong, R. E. Vaillancourt, J. L. Harbard & C. Q. Nghiem

  2. Research Centre for Forest Tree Improvement, Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam

    T. D. Vuong, C. Q. Nghiem & H. H. Thinh

  3. CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 12, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia

    C. E. Harwood

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  1. A. R. Griffin
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  2. T. D. Vuong
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  3. R. E. Vaillancourt
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  4. J. L. Harbard
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  5. C. E. Harwood
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  6. C. Q. Nghiem
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  7. H. H. Thinh
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Correspondence to A. R. Griffin.

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Communicated by Andrew Stephenson.

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Griffin, A.R., Vuong, T.D., Vaillancourt, R.E. et al. The breeding systems of diploid and neoautotetraploid clones of Acacia mangium Willd. in a synthetic sympatric population in Vietnam. Sex Plant Reprod 25, 257–265 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-012-0195-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-012-0195-2

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