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Noziplastischer Schmerz in Forschung und Praxis

Übersicht über biopsychosoziale Grundlagen, Möglichkeiten und Schwierigkeiten

Nociplastic pain in research and practice

Overview of biopsychosocial principles, possibilities and difficulties

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Zusammenfassung

Traditionell wurden zwei mechanistische Schmerzkategorien unterschieden: nozizeptiver und neuropathischer Schmerz. Nach Präzisierung der Definitionen dieser beiden mechanistischen Deskriptoren in der Taxonomie der International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) im Jahr 2011 verblieb eine große Gruppe an Patient:innen, deren Schmerzen keiner der beiden Kategorien zugeordnet werden konnten. Noziplastischer Schmerz wurde daher 2016 als dritter mechanistischer Deskriptor vorgeschlagen. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit legt den aktuellen Stand der Integration noziplastischer Schmerzen in Forschung und klinischer Praxis dar. Dabei werden die Möglichkeiten und Schwierigkeiten der Anwendung dieses Konzepts aus human- und tierexperimenteller Sicht betrachtet.

Abstract

Traditionally, two mechanistic pain categories were distinguished: nociceptive and neuropathic pain. After the definitions of these two mechanistic descriptors were refined more precisely in the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) taxonomy in 2011, a large group of patients remained whose pain could not be assigned to either of the two categories. Nociplastic pain was therefore proposed as a third mechanistic descriptor in 2016. This review article presents the current state of the integration of nociplastic pain into research and clinical practice. In particular, the possibilities and difficulties of applying this concept are addressed from a human and animal experimental research perspective.

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Danksagung

Wir danken Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Rolf-Detlef Treede für seine wertvollen Kommentare zu diesem Beitrag.

Förderung

Das Projekt wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) im Sonderforschungsbereich 1158 (Projekt B09 an Hannah Schmidt) unterstützt.

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  1. Abteilung für Neurophysiologie, Mannheimer Zentrum für Translationale Neurowissenschaft, Universität Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13–17, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland

    Hannah Schmidt & Vivian Blechschmidt

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  1. Hannah Schmidt
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Correspondence to Vivian Blechschmidt.

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H. Schmidt und V. Blechschmidt geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Schmidt, H., Blechschmidt, V. Noziplastischer Schmerz in Forschung und Praxis. Schmerz 37, 242–249 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-023-00734-5

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