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Wie viel Tod verträgt das Team?

Eine bundesweite Befragung der Palliativstationen in Deutschland

How many patient deaths can a team cope with?

A nationwide survey of palliative care units in Germany

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Wie viele Sterbefälle die Teams auf Palliativstationen vertragen, was ihnen dabei hilft und wie sie ihre Teamzukunft sehen, wurde bisher in Deutschland nicht untersucht. Ziel der Studie war, Belastungsfaktoren und -symptome sowie Schutzfaktoren im Umgang mit dem Tod auf Palliativstationen zu erfassen sowie die kritische Zahl an Todesfällen, belastende Sterbeabfolge und Zukunftsaussichten einschätzen zu lassen.

Stichprobe und Methode

An dieser explorativen Umfrage nahmen 873 Mitarbeiter 95 deutscher Palliativstationen (60% von n=158 Palliativstationen) teil. In Faktorenanalysen konnten grundlegende Faktoren identifiziert werden. Unterschiede zwischen Berufsgruppen wurden mit Varianzanalysen überprüft.

Ergebnisse

Als stärkster belastender Faktor im Umgang mit dem Tod wurde ein nicht erfüllter Anspruch der Palliativmedizin angegeben. Ein Team reagierte meist mit Überredseligkeit auf den Tod. Als wichtigster Schutzfaktor stellte sich das Team heraus. Die kritische Zahl der Todesfälle lag bei 4,4 pro Woche. Aufeinanderfolgende Todesfälle wurden als signifikant belastender empfunden als verteilte. War das Nichterreichen des Anspruchs der Palliativmedizin sehr belastend, wurden die Zukunftsaussichten des Teams als bedeutend schlechter eingeschätzt.

Schlussfolgerung

Eine genaue Definition der Ansprüche der Palliativmedizin sowie eine Stärkung der Teamkommunikation sind wünschenswert.

Abstract

Background

How many patient deaths the teams at palliative care units can cope with, the supporting factors in coping and the future prospects of the teams have not yet been subject to research in Germany. The aim of the study was to assess burden factors, burden symptoms and protective factors, the critical number and distribution of patient deaths as well as the prospects of the teams.

Sample and Methods

A total of 873 members of palliative care teams from 95 (60% of n=158) German palliative care units took part in this explorative evaluation. Basic factors could be identified using factor analysis. Differences between professional groups were checked with analysis of variance.

Results

Results showed that not having reached the objectives of palliative care was the central burden factor. In the majority of cases a team reacted by being loquacious. The team itself was ranked as the most important protective factor. The mean critical number of deaths was 4.4 per week. Consecutive patient deaths were rated as being significantly more stressful than evenly spread deaths. Ratings for the future prospects of the team were significantly lower in teams where not meeting the objectives of palliative care was considered a high burden factor.

Conclusion

A clearer definition of the objectives of palliative care and support of team communication are desirable.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehr- und Forschungsstelle Palliativmedizin, Universität Bonn, Malteser Krankenhaus Bonn/Rhein-Sieg, Von-Hompesch-Str. 1, 53123, Bonn, Deutschland

    M. Müller, D. Pfister, S. Markett & B. Jaspers

  2. Abteilung Palliativmedizin, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland

    B. Jaspers

Authors
  1. M. Müller
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  2. D. Pfister
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  3. S. Markett
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  4. B. Jaspers
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Correspondence to B. Jaspers.

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Müller, M., Pfister, D., Markett, S. et al. Wie viel Tod verträgt das Team?. Schmerz 23, 600–608 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-009-0845-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-009-0845-y

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