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Sport bei Migräne

Übersicht und Diskussion sowie Implikationen für zukünftige Studien

Exercise in migraine treatment

Review and discussion of clinical trials and implications for further trials

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Zusammenfassung

Regelmäßiger Ausdauersport findet sich in vielen allgemeinen Empfehlungen zur Behandlung von Migränepatienten. Die Datenlage, auf der diese Empfehlungen beruhen, ist jedoch schwach, überwiegend genügen die Studien nicht modernen Ansprüchen. Häufig ist die Diagnose einer Migräne nicht überzeugend, die Behandlungszeit zu kurz, die durchgeführte Intervention nicht streng definiert und auch die Therapiekontrolle mangelhaft. Die Studien widersprechen sich darüber hinaus bzgl. ihres Effekts auf den Kopfschmerzverlauf. Regelmäßiger Ausdauersport könnte unspezifisch über Verbesserung der Fitness, jedoch auch über Mechanismen wirken, wie sie bei der regelmäßigen Anwendung von Entspannungsverfahren postuliert werden. Unklar ist weiterhin, ob Ausdauersport nur als Teil eines eher multidimensionalen Therapieansatzes oder auch alleine wirksam ist. Theoretische Überlegungen und die vorliegenden Studien und Fallserien lassen eine Wirksamkeit von regelmäßigem Ausdauersport zwar vermuten, nach aktuellen Evidenzkriterien ist dies jedoch nicht belegt. Künftige Studien müssen sich hier an der Qualität der randomisierten klinischen Studien zur medikamentösen Migräneprophylaxe orientieren.

Abstract

Regular exercise is recommended in general treatment guidelines for migraine. However, scientific evidence in support of this recommendation is weak. The majority of available trials on this topic do not meet modern requirements for randomized clinical trials. Often the diagnosis of migraine is not certain, the duration of treatment is too short, and the intervention is not clearly defined; furthermore, the control of treatment is insufficient. The study results are controversial regarding the efficiency of sports intervention in migraine. Regular exercises may have specific effects on the course of disease in migraine through increase of fitness or relaxing effects. It remains unclear whether exercise alone is efficient in migraine treatment or only as part of a more multidisciplinary program. Theoretical considerations, the available limited studies, and clinical experience suggest that exercise may have an effect on migraine, but the present knowledge does not fulfill the needs of evidence-based medicine. Future studies should adhere to the rules for randomized clinical trials in pharmacological migraine prophylaxis.

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  1. Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Bezirksklinikum, Haus 22, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 84 , 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    V. Busch

  2. Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik , Martin-Luther-Universität Halle/Wittenberg, Halle, Deutschland

    C. Gaul

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Busch, V., Gaul, C. Sport bei Migräne. Schmerz 22, 137–147 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-007-0586-8

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