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Opioidtherapie chronischer Schmerzen bei Kindern

Fallbesprechungen

Long-term pediatric opioid based pain control

Case reports

  • Schwerpunkt: Opioide
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Anhand von 4 Falldarstellungen werden die Besonderheiten der Opioidtherapie bei chronischen Schmerzen im Kindesalter herausgearbeitet. Fall 1 belegt die Wichtigkeit der körpergewichtbezogenen Dosierung und die Sicherheit einer oralen Morphintherapie mit retardierten Präparaten selbst im Säuglingsalter. Fall 2 dokumentiert erstmalig die Anwendung von bukkalem Fentanylcitrat zur Therapie von Durchbruchschmerzen im Kindesalter, während Fall 3 auf Nebenwirkungen der Opioidtherapie bei einem zerebral vorgeschädigten Kind fokussiert. Fall 4 beschreibt abschließend die erfolgreiche Therapie von Tumorschmerzen mit transdermalem Buprenorphin. Bewährte Strategien der Opioidtherapie bei Erwachsenen lassen sich auch für Kinder gewinnbringend nutzen, wenn die Besonderheiten der Pädiatrie (z. B. altersabhängige Pharmakokinetik, Dosierung auf der Basis von mg/kg KG) berücksichtigt werden.

Abstract

Based on 4 case reports we focus on the peculiarities of long-term pediatric opioid based pain control. Case report #1, emphasizing the importance of adequate opioid dosing with reference to body weight, illustrates that with adequate management oral sustained-release opioid therapy is safe even in infants less than one year old. Case report #2 is the first report on the usage of buccal fentanyl citrate for pediatric break-through pain control. Case report #3 focuses on the adverse effects of opioid pain control in an infant with neurological impairment. Case report #4 reports on the successful tumor pain control using transdermal buprenorphine. We conclude that proven therapeutic strategies for opioid pain control as applied in adults may be adopted for the usage on childrenin pediatrics. However, it is mandatory to take into account both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pecularities of childhood.

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Interessenkonflikt:

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf eine Verbindung mit folgender Firma/Firmen hin: Die Autoren haben bezahlte Nebentätigkeiten wie Vorträge und Workshops für alle Firmen geleistet, deren Produkte im Text erwähnt werden.

Die Autoren B. Zernikow und C. Wamsler werden durch die Vodafone-Stiftung Deutschland gGmbH, die Peter und Ruth Wirts-Stiftung (Schweiz), die Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung und Eigenes — Leben Hilfen für Kinder mit Schmerzen oder lebensverkürzenden Erkrankungen e.V. — unterstützt.

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Zernikow, B., Schiessl, C., Wamsler, C. et al. Opioidtherapie chronischer Schmerzen bei Kindern. Schmerz 19, 418–425 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-005-0428-5

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