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How do coffee trees deal with severe natural droughts? An analysis of hydraulic, diffusive and biochemical components at the leaf level

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Abstract

Key message

We analysed field-grown coffee trees that faced the most severe drought event in the last 28 years in Brazil. Vulnerability curves indicated that water potentials were low enough to decrease leaf hydraulic conductance and carbohydrate content under drought. However, individual tree mortality was not observed indicating a great resilience of coffee to drought stress.

Abstract

Drought affects leaf photosynthesis by acting on hydraulic, diffusive and/or biochemical components. Here, we analysed two field-grown coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivars (Catuaí and Catimor) subjected to a severe natural drought (the most severe drought event in the last 28 years in Brazil) followed by a subsequent rehydration. We estimated leaf hydraulic vulnerability and found that the leaf water potential under drought reached values that were low enough to cause drastic decreases (up to 90%) in leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in both cultivars. Such Kleaf loss was associated with a reduced stomatal conductance (gs) under drought (c. 70%) and likely limited gas-exchange recovery upon rainfall as abscisic acid levels and gs were not correlated. Net photosynthesis rates (An) were largely limited by diffusive constraints, with gs explaining c. 90% of the variation in An. Rubisco carboxylation capacity and soluble protein content remained unaltered, in contrast to starch content which was drastically reduced by drought. Soluble sugars were less affected, with hexoses having an apparent role as osmolytes. Even though hydraulics, gas-exchange traits and non-structural carbohydrate pools were negatively affected, coffee trees did not present individual mortality, demonstrating a great resilience to drought events.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) through research funding granted to FMD. We are grateful for the scholarships that were granted by the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), the Foundation for Research Assistance of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (FAPEMIG) and CNPq. We are also thankful to the Núcleo de Análises de Biomoléculas (NUBIOMOL) for providing the facilities to perform the ABA analysis and to Professor Dimas Mendes Ribeiro for the clever insights regarding alternative ABA roles in leaf development.

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  1. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Samuel C. V. Martins, Matheus L. Sanglard, Leandro E. Morais, Paulo E. Menezes-Silva, Rafael Mauri, Rodrigo T. Avila, Amanda A. Cardoso & Fábio M. DaMatta

  2. Núcleo de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil

    Camilo E. Vital

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Martins, S.C.V., Sanglard, M.L., Morais, L.E. et al. How do coffee trees deal with severe natural droughts? An analysis of hydraulic, diffusive and biochemical components at the leaf level. Trees 33, 1679–1693 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-019-01889-4

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