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Photosynthetic responses of birch and alder saplings grown in a free air CO2 enrichment system in northern Japan

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Abstract

Though birch and alder are the common pioneer tree species which dominate in northeast Asia, little is known about the effects of the predicted increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) upon their photosynthesis in field conditions. To investigate this, we grew 2-year-old saplings of three Betulaceae species (Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara, Betula maximowicziana Regel, and Alnus hirsuta Turcz) for 2 years in a free air CO2 enrichment system in northern Japan. Since the effect of high [CO2] is known to depend on soil conditions, we evaluated the responses in two soils which are widely distributed in northern Japan: infertile and immature volcanic ash (VA) soil, and fertile brown forest (BF) soil. For B. platyphylla, photosynthetic down-regulation occurred in both soils, but for B. maximowicziana, down-regulation occurred only in VA soil. The explanation is reduced nitrogen and Rubisco content in the leaf. For A. hirsuta, down-regulation occurred only in BF soil because of the accumulation of starch in foliage, which restricts CO2 diffusion inside the chloroplast. The higher photosynthetic rate of A. hirsuta in infertile VA soil could be due to the sink for photosynthates in the N2-fixing symbiont. These three species are all able to down-regulate at high [CO2]. However, it is possible that A. hirsuta would dominate in VA soil and B. maximowicziana in BF soil in the early stages of forest succession in a CO2-enhanced world.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported partly by the Research Revolution 2002 project of the Ministry of Education, Sport, Culture, Science and Technology of Japan; by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellowships for Young Scientists to N.E.; and by a JSPS Basic Research A grant to T.K. We thank Prof. Ch. Körner, Prof. R. Oren, and Dr. R. Häsler for advice in constructing the FACE system. We also thank Dr. D.T. Tissue, Dr. R.F. Sage, Dr. R.J. Norby, Dr. S. Linder, and Dr. U. Lüttke for valuable comments on a previous draft.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan

    Norikazu Eguchi, Kazuki Karatsu & Takayoshi Koike

  2. Hokkaido DALTON, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan

    Tatsushiro Ueda

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

    Ryo Funada

  4. Department of Forest Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan

    Kentaro Takagi, Tsutom Hiura, Kaichiro Sasa & Takayoshi Koike

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  1. Norikazu Eguchi
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Correspondence to Takayoshi Koike.

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Communicated by S. Linder.

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Eguchi, N., Karatsu, K., Ueda, T. et al. Photosynthetic responses of birch and alder saplings grown in a free air CO2 enrichment system in northern Japan. Trees 22, 437–447 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-007-0204-5

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