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Advanced stereoscopic projection technology significantly improves novice performance of minimally invasive surgical skills

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Abstract

Background

Three-dimensional (3D) surgical imaging systems provide stereoscopic depth cues that are lost in conventional two-dimensional (2D) display systems. Recent improvements in stereoscopic projection technology using passive polarising displays may improve performance of minimally invasive surgical skills. This study aims to identify the effect of passive polarising stereoscopic displays on novice surgeon performance of minimally invasive surgical skills.

Methods

20 novice surgeons performed 10 repetitions of 4 surgical skills tasks using a new passive polarising stereoscopic display under 3D and 2D conditions. The previously validated tasks used were rope pass, paper cut, needle capping and knot tying. Outcome measures included total error rate and time for task completion.

Results

Novice surgeons demonstrated a significant reduction in error rates for sequential repetitions of each task using the passive polarising stereoscopic display compared with the 2D display. Mean errors for the 3D versus the 2D mode were 2.0 versus 4.3 for rope pass (P ≤ 0.001), 0.8 versus 1.6 for paper cut (P = 0.001), 1.3 versus 4.2 for needle capping (P ≤ 0.001) and 2.8 versus 8.0 for knot tying (P ≤ 0.001). Novice surgeons demonstrated a significant improvement in mean time for completion for all four tasks when using the 3D system. Mean time (in seconds) for 3D versus 2D were 106.5 versus 134.4 for rope pass (P ≤ 0.001), 116.1 versus 176.3 for paper cut (P ≤ 0.001), 76.3 versus 141.6 for needle capping (P ≤ 0.001) and 153.4 versus 252.6 for knot tying (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

Passive polarising stereoscopic displays significantly improve novice surgeon performance during acquisition of minimally invasive surgical skills.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the use of MicrolineTM instruments kindly provided by Elemental Healthcare.

Disclosures

Authors Ralph Smith, Andy Day, Timothy Rockall, Karen Ballard, Michael Bailey and Iain Jourdan have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit, Post Graduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Manor Park, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7WG, UK

    R. Smith, A. Day, T. Rockall, M. Bailey & I. Jourdan

  2. Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK

    K. Ballard

Authors
  1. R. Smith
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  2. A. Day
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  3. T. Rockall
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  4. K. Ballard
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  5. M. Bailey
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  6. I. Jourdan
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Correspondence to I. Jourdan.

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Smith, R., Day, A., Rockall, T. et al. Advanced stereoscopic projection technology significantly improves novice performance of minimally invasive surgical skills. Surg Endosc 26, 1522–1527 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-2080-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-2080-8

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