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Production and immobilization of enzymes by solid-state fermentation of agroindustrial waste

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Abstract

The recovery of by-products from agri-food industry is currently one of the major challenges of biotechnology. Castilla-La Mancha produces around three million tons of waste coming from olive oil and wine industries, both of which have a pivotal role in the economy of this region. For this reason, this study reports on the exploitation of grape skins and olive pomaces for the production of lignocellulosic enzymes, which are able to deconstruct the agroindustrial waste and, therefore, reuse them in future industrial processes. To this end, solid-state fermentation was carried out using two local fungal strains (Aspergillus niger—113 N and Aspergillus fumigatus—3). In some trials, a wheat supplementation with a 1:1 ratio was used to improve the growth conditions, and the particle size of the substrates was altered through milling. Separate fermentations were run and collected after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 15 days to monitor enzymatic activity (xylanase, cellulase, β-glucosidase, pectinase). The highest values were recorded after 10 and 15 days of fermentation. The use of A. niger on unmilled grape skin yielded the best outcomes (47.05 U xylanase/g by-product). The multi-enzymatic extracts obtained were purified, freeze dried, and immobilized on chitosan by adsorption to assess the possible advantages provided by the different techniques.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. Mario Canales for protein electrophoresis assistant and to Dr. Hector L. Ramirez for immobilization process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Av. Camilo José Cela 10, Edificio Marie Curie, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain

    Sheila Romo Sánchez, Irene Gil Sánchez, María Arévalo-Villena & Ana Briones Pérez

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  1. Sheila Romo Sánchez
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  2. Irene Gil Sánchez
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  3. María Arévalo-Villena
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  4. Ana Briones Pérez
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Correspondence to María Arévalo-Villena.

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Romo Sánchez, S., Gil Sánchez, I., Arévalo-Villena, M. et al. Production and immobilization of enzymes by solid-state fermentation of agroindustrial waste. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 38, 587–593 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-014-1298-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-014-1298-y

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