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Optimization of spray drying process for Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge

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Abstract

Response surface methodology was used to optimize spray drying process for producing biopesticide powders of Bacillus thuringiensis by using fermented broth of starch industry wastewater and wastewater sludge. Analysis of variance was carried out using number of viable spores in the powder as dependent variable. The determination coefficients of models were 92 and 94% for fermented broth of starch industry wastewater and wastewater sludge, respectively. Under the optimal conditions of the operational parameters of spray drying, the numbers of viable spores were 2.2 × 108 and 1.3 × 108 CFU/mg in the dry powders for starch industry wastewater and wastewater sludge respectively, with a loss of viable spores of 18 and 13% when compared with their respective fermented broths. The entomotoxicity (measured by the bioassay method) of the powders obtained under optimal conditions showed a loss of 28 and 18% when compared with the fermented broth of starch industry wastewater and wastewater sludge, respectively. The optimized results of spray drying were used for field application calculations. The volume of fermented broth required to produce powder formulated product when compared with the volume required for liquid formulation product in order to treat 1 ha of balsam fir was less and offered several advantages.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

Bt:

Bacillus thuringiensis

CCD:

Central composite design

CFU:

Colony forming units

IU:

International units

R 2 :

Coefficient of determination

RSM:

Response surface methodology

SBU:

Spruce budworm units

SIW:

Starch industry wastewater

T :

Temperature

TH:

Thermo-hydrolyzed sludge

Tx:

Entomotoxicity

VS:

Number of viable spores count

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Acknowledgments

The authors are sincerely thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grants A4984, STP235071 and Canada Research Chair), INRS-ETE and FQRNT (ENC) for financial support. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of authors. Kokou Adjalle is grateful to SOPFIM (Société de Protection des Forêts contre les Insectes et Maladies) for the Smirnoff scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada

    K. D. Adjallé, K. D. Vu, R. D. Tyagi, S. K. Brar & J. R. Valéro

  2. US EPA, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS, 66117, USA

    R. Y. Surampalli

Authors
  1. K. D. Adjallé
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  2. K. D. Vu
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  3. R. D. Tyagi
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  4. S. K. Brar
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  5. J. R. Valéro
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  6. R. Y. Surampalli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. D. Tyagi.

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Adjallé, K.D., Vu, K.D., Tyagi, R.D. et al. Optimization of spray drying process for Bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 34, 237–246 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-010-0466-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-010-0466-y

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