Abstract
Despite the common occurrence of heterogeneous andesitic eruptions, few studies have investigated the compositional effects on microlite crystallization and vesiculation in co-erupted natural samples. In 2006, Augustine Volcano erupted compositionally heterogeneous andesites that range from 56.4 to 63.3 wt% SiO2 and include two endmember lithologic groups: low-silica andesite (LSA) and high-silica andesite (HSA). Textural and compositional differences between LSA and HSA end members are explored for two discrete, sequential vulcanian explosions from January 17 (event 9) and 27 (event 10), 2006. Groundmass glass compositions of pyroclasts within LSA and HSA compositional suites are not colinear and do not correlate with plagioclase microlite crystallinities, indicating eruption from multiple isolated shallow magma reservoirs with various pressure-temperature pathways. HSA pyroclasts have lower crystallinities, 0.02–0.24, than most LSA pyroclasts, 0.16–0.39, demonstrating the influence of composition on crystallinity. Additionally, microlite textural and groundmass glass compositional differences exist between consecutive vulcanian explosions. The event 9 deposits have a typical bimodal density distribution and groundmass glass compositions range from 65 to 78 wt% SiO2. Plagioclase microlite number densities (MNV) are 104.6–6.4 mm−3 and crystallinities are 0.02 to 0.28, similar to products from other andesitic vulcanian eruptions. Deposits from the early phase of event 10 have a bimodal density distribution and contain a high proportion of LSA pyroclasts, similar to event 9. Groundmass glass compositions range from 72 to 79 wt% SiO2 and plagioclase MNV are 105.9–6.3 mm−3, forming narrower ranges compared to event 9. A transition occurred during the later phase of event 10 to a unimodal density distribution, a more homogeneous groundmass glass composition, 75–78 wt% SiO2, a higher proportion of HSA pyroclasts, and the highest MNV of 105.9–6.7 mm−3. We interpret this shift to reflect eruption from reservoir depths around 4–6 km and the cessation of pre-eruptive magma staging in the upper conduit, transitioning the eruption to continuous and effusive phases. Attention to heterogeneous andesitic erupted products reveals additional details about heterogeneous shallow magma storage, variable upper conduit magma staging, and a range of pressure-temperature paths prior to fragmentation.
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Acknowledgments
Jim Vallance helped conceptualize this study. We thank him, Sarah De Angelis, and Nick Traxler, who helped collect samples in the cold and rain. Kristi Wallace, Matthew Schneider, Simone Girst, and Kelly McHugh assisted with density measurements. We thank Ben Andrews, Tim Gooding, Tim Rose, Cari Corrigan, Heather Lowers, and Dave Adams for assistance with electron microprobe analysis. Rebecca Carey, Tom Shea, and Cynthia Gardner provided useful advice at the project start and/or during this project. We thank Cynthia Gardner and Matt Loewen for their reviews on a previous manuscript version and two anonymous reviewers whose reviews significantly improved this manuscript. We thank Richard Brown and Jacopo Taddeucci for the review and editorial handling of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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Benage, M.C., Wright, H.M.N. & Coombs, M.L. Eruption of compositionally heterogeneous andesites from a complex storage region during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano. Bull Volcanol 83, 17 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01431-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01431-2