Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Inferences on the source of long-period seismicity at Campi Flegrei from polarization analysis and reconstruction of the asymptotic dynamics

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Bulletin of Volcanology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present paper, we analyse long-period (LP) events and seismic noise recorded at Campi Flegrei during the uplift episode of 2004–2006. The results of a detailed polarization analysis indicate that the large number of LPs detected during the seismic crisis were accompanied by a sustained activity consisting of very low-energy volcanic signals. These weak volcanic signals, which are usually absent in ambient noise recorded in the studied area, and LP events have similar properties, namely they are radially polarized towards the same LP source. The large dataset analysed allows us to study the statistics of the polarization, leading to the extraction of the average properties of the volcanic signals. An estimate of the complexity of the system can be provided by the degrees of freedom necessary to describe the asymptotic dynamics in a reconstructed phase space. This analysis shows that both LPs and low-energy signals can be described by a low-dimensional dynamical system, while ambient noise unrelated to volcanic activity is higher dimensional. Based on these observations, we interpret the phenomena observed during the seismic crisis in the framework of the theory of self-oscillating systems, in which LPs and low-energy signals represent self-oscillations generated by a persistent hydrothermal source.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abarbanel HDI (1996) Analysis of observed chaotic data. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Acernese F, Ciaramella A, De Martino S, Falanga M, Godano C, Tagliaferri R (2004) Polarisation analysis of the independent component of low frequency events at Stromboli volcano (Eolian Islands Italy). J Volcanol Geoth Res 137:153–168. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aki K, Fehler M, Das S (1977) Source mechanism of volcanic tremor: fluid-driven crack models and their application to the 1963 Kilauea eruption. J Volcanol Geoth Res 2:259–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andronov AA, Vitt AA, Khaikin SE (1966) Theory of oscillators. Dover, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Arciniega-Ceballos A, Valdes C, Dawson P (2000) Temporal and spectral characteristics of seismicity observed at Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico. J Volcanol Geoth Res 102:207–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balmforth NJ, Craster RV, Rust AC (2005) Instability in flow through elastic conduits and volcanic tremor. J Fluid Mech 527:353–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berens P (2009) CircStat: a Matlab toolbox for circular statistics. J Stat Softw 31(10):1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianco F, Del Pezzo E, Saccorotti G, Ventura G (2004) The role of hydrothermal fluids in triggering the July–August 2000 seismic swarm at Campi Flegrei (Italy): evidences from seismological and mesostructural data. J Volcanol Geoth Res 133:229–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bottiglieri M, De Martino S, Falanga M, Godano C (2008) Strombolian volcanic activity as an intermittent phenomenon. Europhys Lett 81:49001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carniel R, Di Cecca M, Rouland D (2003) Ambrym, Vanuatu (July–August 2000): spectral and dynamical transitions on the hours-to-days timescale. J Volcanol Geoth Res 128:1–13. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00243-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carniel R (2010) Comments on the paper “Automatic detection and discrimination of volcanic tremors and tectonic earthquakes”. J Volcanol Geoth Res 194:61–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiodini G, Todesco M, Caliro S, Del Gaudio C, Macedonio G, Russo, M (2003) Magma degassing as a trigger of bradyseismic events: the case of Phlegrean Fields (Italy). Geophys Res Lett 30(8):1434–1438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chouet BA (1988) Resonance of a fluid-driven crack: radiation properties and implications for the source of long-period events and harmonic tremor. J Geophys Res 93:4375–4400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chouet BA (1996) Long-period volcano seismicity: its source and use in eruption forecasting. Nature 380:309–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chouet BA, Julian BR (1985) Dynamic of an expanding fluid-filled crack. J Geophys Res 90:11187–11198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chouet B, Shaw HR (1991) Fractal properties of tremor and gas-piston events observed at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. J Geophys Res 96:10177–10189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciaramella A, De Lauro E, Falanga M, Petrosino S (2011) Automatic detection of long-period events at Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy). Geophys Res Lett 38:L18302. doi:10.1029/2011GL049065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cusano P, Petrosino S, Saccorotti G (2008) Hydrothermal origin for sustained long-period (LP) activity at Campi Flegrei volcanic complex, Italy. J Volcanol Geoth Res 177:1035–1044. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.07.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Lauro E, De Martino S, Falanga M, Esposito E, Tomasini EP (2007) Analogical model for mechanical vibrations in flue organ pipes inferred by independent component analysis. J Acoust Soc Am 122:2413–2424. doi:10.1121/1.2772225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Lauro E, De Martino S, Del Pezzo E, Falanga M, Palo M, Scarpa R (2008) Model for high frequency Strombolian tremor inferred by wavefield decomposition and reconstruction of asymptotic dynamics. J Geophys Res 113:B02302. doi:10.1029/2006JB004838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Lauro E, De Martino S, Falanga M, Ixaru LGr (2009a) Limit cycles in nonlinear excitation of clusters of classical oscillators. Comput Phys Commun 180:1832–1838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Lauro E, De Martino S, Falanga M, Palo M (2009b) Modelling the macroscopic behavior of Strombolian explosions at Erebus volcano. Phys Earth Planet In 176:174–186. doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2009.05.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Vito MA, Isaia R, Orsi G, Southon J, de Vita S, D’Antonio M, Pappalardo L, Piochi M (1999) Volcanism and deformation since 12,000 years at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). J Volcanol Geoth Res 91:221–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fabre B, Hirschberg A (2000) Physical modeling of flue instruments: a review of lumped models. Acta Acoust 86:599–610

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser AM, Swinney HL (1986) Independent coordinates for strange attractors from mutual information. Phys Rev A 33:1134–1139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita E, Ukawa M, Yamamoto E (2004) Subsurface cyclic magma sill expansions in the 2000 Miyakejima volcano eruption: possibility of two-phase flow oscillation. J Geophys Res 109:B04205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godano C, Salerno M (1993) The chaoticity degree of the Campi Flegrei seismicity, southern Italy. Geophys J Int 144:392–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godano C, Capuano P (1999) Source characterisation of low frequency events at Stromboli and Vulcano Islands (Isole Eolie Italy). J Seismol 3:393–408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grassberger P, Procaccia I (1983) Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors. Physica D 9:189–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilborn RC (1994) Chaos and nonlinear dynamics: an introduction for scientists and engineers. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 672

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez J, Del Pezzo E, Almendros J, La Rocca M, Alguacil G, Ortiz R, García A (2000) Seismovolcanic signals at Deception Island volcano, Antarctica: wave field analysis and source modeling. J Geophys Res 105:13905–13931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwamura K, Kaneshima S (2005) Numerical simulation of the steam-water flow instability as a mechanism of long-period ground vibrations at geothermal areas. Geophys J Int 163:833–851

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones J, Carniel R, Harris AJL, Malone S (2006) Seismic characteristics of variable convection at Erta ’Ale lava lake, Ethiopia. J Volcanol Geoth Res 153:64–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Julian BR (1994) Volcanic tremor: nonlinear excitation by fluid flow. J Geophys Res 99:11859–11877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawakatsu H, Yamamoto M (2007) Volcano seismology. In: Schubert G (ed) Treatise on geophysics, vol 4. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 389–420

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kennel MB, Brown R, Abarbanel HDI (1992) Determining embedding dimension for phase space-reconstruction using a geometrical construction. Phys Rev A 45:3403–3411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinou KI (2002) Deterministic nonlinear source processes of volcanic tremor signals accompanying the 1996 Vatnajokull eruption, Central Iceland. Geophys J Int 148:663–675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinou KI, Schlindwein V (2002) Nature, wavefield properties and source mechanism of volcanic tremor: a review. J Volcanol Geoth Res 119:161–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinou KI, Lin CH (2004) Nonlinear time series analysis of volcanic tremor events recorded at Sangay volcano, Ecuador. Pure Appl Geophys 161:145–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumagai H, Chouet BA, Nakano M (2002) Waveform inversion of oscillatory signatures in long-period events beneath volcanoes. J Geophys Res 107:2301. doi:10.1029/2001JB001704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumagai H, Chouet B, Dawson PB (2005) Source process of a long-period event at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Geophys J Int 161:243–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumazawa M, Imanishi Y, Fukao Y, Furmoto M, Yamamoto A (1990) A theory of spectral analysis based on the characteristic property of a linear dynamic system. Geophys J Int 101:613–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lesage Ph, Mora M, Alvarado G, Pacheco J, Métaxian JPh (2006) Complex behavior and source model of the volcanic tremor at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica. J Volcanol Geoth Res 157:49–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsubara W, Yomogida K (2004) Source process of low-frequency earthquakes associated with the 2000 eruption of Mt. Usu. J Volcanol Geoth Res 134:223–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maurel A, Ern P, Zielinska BJA, Wesfreid JE (1996) Experimental study of self-sustained oscillations in a confined jet. Phys Rev E 54:3643–3651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montalbetti JR, Kanasevich ER (1970) Enhancement of teleseismic body phase with a polarization filter. Geophys J Roy Astr S 21:119–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano M, Kumagai H, Chouet BA (2003) Source mechanism of long-period events at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, inferred from waveform inversion of the effective excitation functions. J Volcanol Geoth Res 122:149–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neuberg J, Luckett R, Baptie B, Olsen K (2000) Models of tremor and low-frequency earthquake swarms on Montserrat. J Volcanol Geoth Res 122:83–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orsi G, De Vita S, Di Vito MA (1996) The restless resurgent Campi Flegrei nested caldera (Italy): constraints on its evolution and configuration. J Volcanol Geoth Res 74:179–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orsi G, Civetta L, Del Gaudio C, De Vita S, Di Vito M, Isaia R, Petrazzuoli SM, Ricciardi GP, Ricco C (1999) Short term ground deformations and seismicity in the resurgent Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): an example of active block-resurgence in a densely populated area. J Volcanol Geoth Res 91:415–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrosino S, De Siena L, Del Pezzo E (2008) Recalibration of the magnitude scales at Campi Flegrei, Italy, on the basis of measured path and site and transfer functions. B Seismol Soc Am 98(4):1964–1974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rigano R, Cara F, Lombardo G, Rovelli A (2008) Evidence for ground motion polarization on fault zones of Mount Etna volcano. J Geophys Res 113:B10306. doi:10.1029/2007JB005574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ripepe M, Gordeev E (1999) Gas bubble dynamics model for shallow volcanic tremor at Stromboli. J Geophys Res 104:10639–10654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ripepe M, Harris AJL, Carniel R (2002) Thermal, seismic and infrasonic evidences of variable degassing rates at Stromboli volcano. J Volcanol Geoth Res 118:285–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saccorotti G, Chouet BA, Dawson PB (2001a) Wavefield properties of shallow long-period event and tremor at Kilauea volcano, Italy. J Volcanol Geoth Res 109:163–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saccorotti G, Bianco F, Castellano M, Del Pezzo E (2001b) The July–August 2000 seismic swarms at Campi Flegrei volcanic complex, Italy. Geophys Res Lett 28:2525–2528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saccorotti G, Petrosino S, Bianco F, Castellano M, Galluzzo D, La Rocca M, Del Pezzo E, Zaccarelli L, Cusano P (2007) Seismicity associated with the 2004–2006 renewed ground uplift at Campi Flegrei Caldera, Italy. Phys Earth Planet In 165:14–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takens F (1981) Detecting strange attractors in turbulence. In: Rand DA, Young LS (eds) Dynamical systems and turbulence, Warwick. Lectures notes in mathematics, vol 898. Springer, Berlin, pp 366–381

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Seidl D, Schick R, Riuscetti M (1981) Volcanic tremor at Etna: a model for hydraulic origin. B Volcanol 44:43–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vidale JE (1986) Complex polarization analysis of particle motion. B Seismol Soc Am 76:1393–1405

    Google Scholar 

  • Villermaux E, Hopfinger EJ (1994) Self-sustained oscillations of a confined jet: a case study for non-linear delayed saturation model. Physica D 72:230–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodhouse J (1996) Self-sustained musical oscillators. In: Mechanics of musical instruments. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are sincerely grateful to Francesca Bianco, Enza De Lauro, Salvatore De Martino, Edoardo Del Pezzo, Margaret Hellweg and an anonymous referee for their useful comments and suggestions that improved this manuscript. The Mobile Seismic Network team of the INGV-OV is acknowledged for having provided the data. The CircStat package (Berens 2009) has been used for the circular statistical analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy

    M. Falanga

  2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli—Osservatorio Vesuviano, Via Diocleziano 328, Naples, 80124, Italy

    S. Petrosino

Authors
  1. M. Falanga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Petrosino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Petrosino.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: T. Ohminato

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Falanga, M., Petrosino, S. Inferences on the source of long-period seismicity at Campi Flegrei from polarization analysis and reconstruction of the asymptotic dynamics. Bull Volcanol 74, 1537–1551 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0612-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0612-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation