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Evidence of multiple strain fields beneath the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) deduced from seismic and geodetic data during 2003–2004

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Abstract

We carried out a study of the seismicity and ground deformation occurring on Mt. Etna volcano after the end of the 2002–2003 eruption and before the onset of the 2004–2005 eruption. Data were recorded by the permanent local seismic network run by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Catania and by geodetic surveys carried out in July 2003 and July 2004 on the GPS network. Most earthquakes were grouped in two main clusters located in the northeastern and southeastern sectors of the volcano. The areal distribution of seismic energy associated with the recorded earthquakes allowed us to highlight the main seismogenic areas of Mt. Etna. In order to better understand the kinematic processes of the volcano, 3D seismic locations were used to compute fault plane solutions, and a selected dataset was inverted to determine stress and strain tensors. The focal mechanisms in the northeastern sector show clear left-lateral kinematics along an E-W fault plane, consistent with events occurring along the Pernicana Fault system. The fault plane solutions in the southeastern sector show mainly right-lateral kinematics along a NNE and ENE fault plane and left lateral-kinematics along NW fault planes that together suggest roughly E-W oriented compression. Surface ground deformation affecting Mt. Etna measured by GPS surveys highlighted a marked inflation during the same period and exceptionally strong seawards motion of its eastern flank. The 2D geodetic strain tensor distribution was calculated and the results show mainly ENE-WSW extension coupled with WNW-ESE contraction, indicating right-lateral shear along a NW-SE oriented fault plane. The different deformation of the eastern sector of the volcano, as measured by seismicity and ground deformation, must be interpreted by considering the different depths of the two signals. Seismic activity in the southeastern sector of volcano is located between 3 and 8 km b.s.l. and can be associated with a very strong additional E-W compression induced by a pressurizing source just westwards and at the same depth, located by inverting GPS data. Ground deformation, in contrast, is mainly affected by the shallower dynamics of the fast moving eastern flank which produces a shallower opposing E-W extension. The entire dataset shows that two different processes affect the eastern flank at the same time but at different depths; the boundary is clearly located at a depth of 3 km b.s.l. and could represent the décollement surface for the mobile flank.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Gruppo Analisi Dati Sismici (http://www.ct.ingv.it/Sismologia/Analisti/gridsism.asp) of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania for useful help in the elaboration of earthquakes and Giuseppe Di Grazia for volcanic tremor data. Special thanks is due to Biagio Puglisi, Francesco Calvagna, Massimo Cantarero, Orazio Consoli, Salvatore Consoli and all technicians of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania who enable GPS surveys to be routinely carried out on Mt. Etna. Thanks also are due to the INGV-CT permanent GPS network group for data availability. We thank the Associate Editor Benjamin van Wyk de Vries, Valerio Acocella and an anonymous referee for their constructive comments and suggestions which helped us to significantly improve the quality of the manuscript. The authors are also indebted to Salvatore Gambino and to Stefano Gresta for their stimulating comments on the early version of the paper. We also thank S. Conway for improving the English text and Boris Behncke for critical reading of the final version of the work.

This work was funded by the Italian Dipartimento della Protezione Civile in the frame of the 2008–2010 Agreement with Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – INGV (V4 Flank Project).

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  1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95123, Catania, Italy

    Salvatore Alparone, Graziella Barberi, Alessandro Bonforte, Vincenza Maiolino & Andrea Ursino

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  1. Salvatore Alparone
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Correspondence to Andrea Ursino.

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Editorial responsibility: B. van Wyk de Vries

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Alparone, S., Barberi, G., Bonforte, A. et al. Evidence of multiple strain fields beneath the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) deduced from seismic and geodetic data during 2003–2004. Bull Volcanol 73, 869–885 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0456-1

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