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Energetic consequences of resource use diversity in a marine carnivore

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Abstract

Understanding how intraspecific variation in the use of prey resources impacts energy metabolism has strong implications for predicting long-term fitness and is critical for predicting population-to-community level responses to environmental change. Here, we examine the energetic consequences of variable prey resource use in a widely distributed marine carnivore, juvenile sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus). We used carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to identify three primary prey resource pools—demersal omnivores, pelagic forage, and benthic detritivores and estimated the proportional assimilation of each resource using Bayesian mixing models. We then quantified how the utilization of these resource pools impacted the concentrations of six plasma lipids and how this varied by ontogeny. Sharks exhibited variable reliance on two of three predominant prey resource pools: demersal omnivores and pelagic forage. Resource use variation was a strong predictor of energetic condition, whereby individuals more reliant upon pelagic forage exhibited higher blood plasma concentrations of very low-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides. These findings underscore how intraspecific variation in resource use may impact the energy metabolism of animals, and more broadly, that natural and anthropogenically driven fluctuations in prey resources could have longer term energetic consequences.

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Source: The Great South Bay and NE US Seaboard, Google Earth, Accessed 1/18/21

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All materials are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

C. Witek, C. Capri and J. Miller provided fishing support. C. Cray and the University of Miami Avian & Wildlife Laboratory for plasma lipid diagnostic testing.

Funding

This work was supported by the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Sarah K. de Coizart Article TENTH Perpetual Charitable Trust, Stony Brook University and New York State Department for Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beneath The Waves, PO Box 126, Herndon, VA, 20172, USA

    Oliver N. Shipley

  2. Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Oliver N. Shipley, Philip J. Manlick & Seth D. Newsome

  3. New York Aquarium, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10460, USA

    Alisa L. Newton, Merry Camhi, Jake S. LaBelle & Hans Walters

  4. OCEARCH, Park City, Utah, USA

    Alisa L. Newton

  5. Saving the Blue, Cooper City, FL, USA

    Philip Matich

  6. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Robert M. Cerrato & Michael G. Frisk

  7. Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, MI, 11794, USA

    Gregory A. Henkes

  8. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA

    Janet A. Nye

  9. Department of Biological Sciences, Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA

    Jill A. Olin

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Contributions

ONS, PJM, ALN, SDN, and JAO conceived project. ONS, JAO, ALN, JL, HW, and MC conducted fieldwork. ONS, JAO, AN, and GAH conducted laboratory analyses. ONS and PM analyzed the data. MGF, JAO, JAN, and RMC provided project funding. ONS wrote the paper with significant input from PJM, SDN, and JAO. All authors provided additional comments and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Oliver N. Shipley.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All research was conducted under state permits acquired by the Wildlife Conservation Society and Stony Brook University from the New York State Department for Environmental Conservation (NYDEC) License to Collect or Possess: Scientific, permits nos. 1036; 1409; 1145; 1110, and 2305.

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Additional information

Communicated by Yannis Papastamatiou.

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Shipley, O.N., Manlick, P.J., Newton, A.L. et al. Energetic consequences of resource use diversity in a marine carnivore. Oecologia 200, 65–78 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05241-5

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