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Non-native parasite enhances susceptibility of host to native predators

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Abstract

Parasites often alter host physiology and behavior, which can enhance predation risk for infected hosts. Higher consumption of parasitized prey can in turn lead to a less parasitized prey population (the healthy herd hypothesis). Loxothylacus panopaei is a non-native castrating barnacle parasite on the mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus along the Atlantic coast. Through prey choice mesocosm experiments and a field tethering experiment, we investigated whether the predatory crab Callinectes sapidus and other predators preferentially feed on E. depressus infected with L. panopaei. We found that C. sapidus preferentially consumed infected E. depressus 3 to 1 over visibly uninfected E. depressus in the mesocosm experiments. Similarly, infected E. depressus were consumed 1.2 to 1 over uninfected conspecifics in field tethering trials. We evaluated a mechanism behind this skewed prey choice, specifically whether L. panopaei affects E. depressus movement, making infected prey more vulnerable to predator attack. Counter to our expectations, infected E. depressus ran faster during laboratory trials than uninfected E. depressus, suggesting that quick movement may not decrease predation risk and seems instead to make the prey more vulnerable. Ultimately, the preferential consumption of L. panopaei-infected prey by C. sapidus highlights how interactions between organisms could affect where novel parasites are able to thrive.

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Acknowledgements

We thank A. Penn, S. Perry, R. Smith, Z. Holmes, A. Calfee, and R. Usher for field and laboratory assistance. We thank the Byers and Osenberg laboratories for discussion. We thank J. Porter, S. Altizer, V. Ezenwa, and W. Fitt for valuable guidance. We thank Jonathan Little, Kevin Ruddell, Heather Kroll, and 30 other supporters for significant support of this research through the SciFund Challenge. Support also came from the Odum School of Ecology. The lead author was a fellow with the Wormsloe Institute for Environmental History.

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AMG and JEB conceived and designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript; AMG conducted the experiments and analyzed the data.

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  1. Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Alyssa-Lois M. Gehman & James E. Byers

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  1. Alyssa-Lois M. Gehman
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Correspondence to Alyssa-Lois M. Gehman.

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Communicated by Joel Trexler.

We found preferential consumption of native hosts infected by invasive parasites, highlighting how interactions between organisms can affect where novel parasites are able to establish and survive.

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Gehman, AL.M., Byers, J.E. Non-native parasite enhances susceptibility of host to native predators. Oecologia 183, 919–926 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-016-3784-1

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