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Spatial and environmental factors contributing to patterns in arboreal and terrestrial oribatid mite diversity across spatial scales

  • Community ecology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Understanding the conditions under which species traits, species–environment relationships, and the spatial structure of the landscape interact to shape local communities requires quantifying the relative contributions of space and the environment on community composition. Using analogous sampling of arboreal and terrestrial oribatid mite communities across a large spatial scale in a temperate rainforest, we quantified the variation in oribatid mite community structure relating to environmental and spatial factors, and tested whether terrestrial and arboreal communities demonstrated a difference in their patterns of community composition based on the assumption of differences in dispersal potential. The expectation that terrestrial oribatid mite communities are spatially structured while arboreal communities are environmentally structured was supported by our analyses at the level of variation in beta diversity, but not by assessing beta diversity itself. We found that terrestrial oribatid mite communities with active, cursorial dispersal demonstrate spatial constraint consistent with reduced long-distance dispersal opportunities and high environmental dissimilarity among sites. Arboreal communities, which potentially disperse long distances via passive aerial vectors, show a spatial signature associated with patterns in beta diversity and a correlation with environmental dissimilarities among sites. In the arboreal community, moisture content of the substrate, total tree height, and average sampled branch height were significant factors explaining beta diversity patterns. For ground-dwelling species, predator abundance and soil type were important local determinants of community variability. Both communities showed clear spatial structuring, suggesting that dispersal limitation continues to influence community composition across multiple forest watershed locations. Our results provide evidence of dispersal-maintained diversity patterns in response to local environmental factors in arboreal and terrestrial communities. The relative importance of stochastic dispersal assembly may be dependent on strong deterministic effects associated with micro-site and macro-site environmental variation, particularly across large spatial scales.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Kevin Jordan (Arbornaut Access), for his expertise in canopy sampling, and Alana Jung and Dave Hurwicz, for their help in the field. We especially thank Katie Flinn and Raphael Didham for comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. This research is funded by a grant to ZL (332720-06) and NNW (238631-06) from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The research contained within this manuscript complies with the current laws of Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada

    Zoë Lindo

  2. Department of Geography, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada

    Neville N. Winchester

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  1. Zoë Lindo
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  2. Neville N. Winchester
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Correspondence to Zoë Lindo.

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Communicated by Volkmar Wolters.

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Lindo, Z., Winchester, N.N. Spatial and environmental factors contributing to patterns in arboreal and terrestrial oribatid mite diversity across spatial scales. Oecologia 160, 817–825 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1348-3

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