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Spatial heterogeneity of daphniid parasitism within lakes

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Abstract

Spatially explicit models show that local interactions of hosts and parasites can strongly influence invasion and persistence of parasites and can create lasting spatial patchiness of parasite distributions. These predictions have been supported by experiments conducted in two-dimensional landscapes. Yet, three-dimensional systems, such as lakes, ponds, and oceans, have received comparatively little attention from epidemiologists. Freshwater zooplankton hosts often aggregate horizontally and vertically in lakes, potentially leading to local host–parasite interactions in one-, two-, or three-dimensions. To evaluate the potential spatial component of daphniid parasitism driven by these local interactions (patchiness), we surveyed vertical and horizontal heterogeneity of pelagic Daphnia infected with multiple microparasites in several north temperate lakes. These surveys uncovered little evidence for persistent vertical patchiness of parasitism, since the prevalence of two parasites showed little consistent trend with depth in four lakes (but more heterogeneity during day than at night). On a horizontal scale of tens of meters, we found little systematic evidence of strong aggregation and spatial patterning of daphniid hosts and parasites. Yet, we observed broad-scale, basin-wide patterns of parasite prevalence. These patterns suggest that nearshore offshore gradients, rather than local-scale interactions, could play a role in governing epidemiology of this open water host–parasite system.

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Acknowledgments

Our sincere thanks to P. Woodruff for her heroic efforts in helping us scan samples for infections. We thank T. Miller and two referees for their comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Primary funding for this study came from NSF grant OCE 02-35039 to CEC and OCE 02–35119 to AJT. MAD was supported by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. This is contribution #1170 from Kellogg Biological Station.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Spencer R. Hall & Carla E. Cáceres

  2. W.K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr., Hickory Corners, MI, 49060, USA

    Meghan A. Duffy & Alan J. Tessier

Authors
  1. Spencer R. Hall
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  2. Meghan A. Duffy
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  3. Alan J. Tessier
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  4. Carla E. Cáceres
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Correspondence to Spencer R. Hall.

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Communicated by Thomas Miller

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Hall, S.R., Duffy, M.A., Tessier, A.J. et al. Spatial heterogeneity of daphniid parasitism within lakes. Oecologia 143, 635–644 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0005-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0005-8

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