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Roles of autophagy in controlling stem cell identity: a perspective of self-renewal and differentiation

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Abstract

Autophagy is crucial for the removal of dysfunctional organelles and protein aggregates and for maintaining stem cell homeostasis, which includes self-renewal, cell differentiation and somatic reprogramming. Loss of self-renewal capacity and pluripotency is a major obstacle to stem cell-based therapies. It has been reported that autophagy regulates stem cells under biological stimuli, starvation, hypoxia, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular senescence. On the one hand, autophagy is shown to play roles in self-renewal by co-function with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to promote pluripotency-associated proteins (NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2) in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). On the other hand, autophagy activity acts as cell reprogramming processes that play an important role for clearance fate determination and upregulates neural and cardiac differentiation. Deregulation of autophagy triggers protein disorders such as neurodegenerative cardiac/muscle diseases and cancer. Therefore, understanding of the roles of the autophagy in stem cell renewal and differentiation may benefit therapeutic development for a range of human diseases.

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Acknowledgements

PN was supported by the Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), the Office of the Higher Education Commission under the NRU project of Thailand. AS was supported by a grant from the Chulabhorn International College of Medicine Research Fund 2016.

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  1. Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Rangsit, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Areechun Sotthibundhu

  2. Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

    Wilasinee Promjuntuek & Parinya Noisa

  3. Regenerative Medicine Institute, Biomedical Sciences Building, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Min Liu & Sanbing Shen

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  1. Areechun Sotthibundhu
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Sotthibundhu, A., Promjuntuek, W., Liu, M. et al. Roles of autophagy in controlling stem cell identity: a perspective of self-renewal and differentiation. Cell Tissue Res 374, 205–216 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-018-2829-7

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